@article { author = {PRATHIPATI, ARCHANA and MANTHRI, RANADHEER and SUBRAMANIAN, BALA and DAS, PRANABANDHU and JILLA, SWAPNA and MANI, SANGEETHA and J, ANITHA and S, SARALA and KOTTU, RADHIKA and KALAWAT, TEK and K.V, JAGANNATH RAO}, title = {A Prospective Study Comparing Functional Imaging (18F-FDG PET) Versus Anatomical Imaging (Contrast Enhanced CT) in Dosimetric Planning for Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {75-85}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8706}, abstract = { Objective(s): 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) is a well-used and established technique for lung cancer staging. Radiation therapy requires accurate target volume delineation, which is difficult in most cases due to coexisting atelectasis. The present study was performed to compare the 18F-FDG PET-CT with contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) in target volume delineation and investigate their impacts on radiotherapy planning.Methods: Eighteen patients were subjected to 18F- FDG PET-CT and CECT in the same position. Subsequently, the target volumes were separately delineated on both image sets. In addition, the normal organ doses were compared and evaluated.Results: The comparison of the primary gross tumour volume (GTV) between the 18F-FDG PET-CT and CECT imaging revealed that 88.9% (16/18) of the patients had a quantitative change on the 18F-FDG PET-CT. Out of these patients, 77% (14/18) of the cases had a decrease in volume, while 11% (2/18) of them had an increase in volume on the 18F-FDG PET-CT. Additionally, 44.4% (8/18) of the patients showed a decrease by > 50 cm3 on the 18F-FDG PET-CT. The comparison of the GTV lymph node between the 18F-FDG PET-CT and CECT revealed that the volume changed in 89% (16/18) of the patients: it decreased and increased in 50% (9/18) and 39% (7/18) on the 18F-FDG PET-CT. New nodes were identified in 27% (5/18) of the patients on the 18F-FDG PET-CT. The decrease in the GTV lymph node on the 18F-FDG PET-CT was statistically significant. The decreased target volumes made radiotherapy planning easier with improved sparing of normal tissues.Conclusion: GTV may either increase or decrease with the 18F-FDG PET-CT, compared to the CECT. However, the 18F-FDG PET-CT-based contouring facilitates the accurate delineation of tumour volumes, especially at margins, and detection of new lymph node volumes. The non-FDG avid nodes can be omitted to avoid elective nodal irradiation, which can spare the organs at risk and improve accurate staging and treatment.}, keywords = {18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography,target volume delineation,Lung cancer}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8706.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8706_779be824bc66bcb12df5ca48d49d12df.pdf} } @article { author = {Tsuyuguchi, Naohiro and Terakawa, Yuzo and Uda, Takehiro and Nakajo, Kosuke and Kanemura, Yonehiro}, title = {Diagnosis of Brain Tumors Using Amino Acid Transport PET Imaging With 18F- Fluciclovine: A Comparison Study With L-Methyl-11C-Methionine PET Imaging}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {86-96}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8843}, abstract = {Objective(s): 18F-fluciclovine (trans-1-amino-3-[18F] fluorocyclobutanecarboxylic acid, [FACBC]) is an artificial amino acid radiotracer used for positron emission tomography (PET) studies, which is metabolically stable in vivo and has a long half-life. It has already been shown that FACBC-PET is useful for glioma imaging. However, there have been no reports evaluating the efficiency of FACBC-PET in the diagnosis of brain tumors in comparison with other PET tracers in clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FACBC-PET imaging in glioma diagnosis, compared to l-methyl-11C-methionine (MET)-PET.Methods: Six consecutive patients (four male, two female), who were clinically suspected of having high- or low-grade glioma, received both FACBC-PET and MET-PET within a two-week interval. T1-weighted, contrast-enhanced, T1-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging was performed to assist with subsequent tissue resection. Visual findings and semi-quantitative analyses of FACBC and MET uptake, using standardized uptake values (SUVs) and lesion-to-contralateral normal brain tissue (LN) ratios, were evaluated to compare PET images.Results: SUVs for FACBC were lower than those for MET in the non-lesion cerebral cortex, brain stem, and cerebellar hemisphere. There was a weak positive correlation between FACBC and MET uptake in glioma tissue, although L/N ratios for FACBC were higher than those for MET in all the cases.Conclusion: FACBC-PET showed higher contrast than MET-PET by both visual and semi-quantitative analyses and may therefore provide better assessment for the detection of glioma. This study was registered as clinical trial (No. JapicCTI-132289). }, keywords = {11C-Methionine,18F-fluciclovine,Glioma,Positron Emission Tomography}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8843.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8843_9f460d5add143106de4c3e5e6ae36c88.pdf} } @article { author = {Toriihara, Akira and Nakadate, Masashi and Nakamura, Shin and Kubota, Kazunori and Tateishi, Ukihide}, title = {Seventy FDG-PET/CT cases in which nuclear medicine physicians suspected lymphoma: How reliable are we?}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {97-106}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8767}, abstract = {Objective(s): To validate the reliability of nuclear medicine physicians in diagnosing lymphoma using positron emission tomography/computed tomography using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-D-glucose (FDG-PET/CT) and to determine findings that reliably suggest lymphoma.Methods: Seventy patients suspected of having lymphoma using FDG-PET/CT were enrolled in this retrospective study. Two nuclear medicine physicians read all the interpretation reports and graded the degree of suspicion by consensus (3: definitely suspicious, 2: probably suspicious, and 1: possibly suspicious). The following factors were also investigated for each patient: maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the lesions, serum level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R), and the presence of splenic FDG uptake higher than that of the liver.Results: The study group consisted of 34 lymphomas, 18 other malignancies, and 18 benign lesions according to histopathological diagnosis. No patient with a Grade 1 degree of suspicion was diagnosed as lymphoma. SUVmax and the serum level of sIL2-R could not distinguish lymphoma from other diseases. Of the 11 patients who presented with elevated splenic FDG uptake, 10 were diagnosed as having lymphoma.Conclusion: When the degree of suspicion by nuclear medicine physicians is low, the possibility of lymphoma is also low. On the other hand, elevated splenic FDG uptake may suggest lymphoma. }, keywords = {Lymphoma,FDG-PET/CT,SUVmax,soluble interleukin-2 receptor,Spleen}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8767.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8767_b9174c7e7609b6acbfdbe43404cd70c3.pdf} } @article { author = {Kim, Jin-Suk}, title = {F-18 FDG PET/CT Imaging of Eccrine Sweat Gland Carcinoma of the Scrotum with Extensive Regional and Distant Metastases}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {107-112}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.19550.1145}, abstract = {Eccrine carcinoma is an extremely rare malignant skin cancer arising from eccrine sweat glands with a high metastatic potential. It mainly occurs in the elderly, with equal incidence in both sexes. It usually spreads to regional lymph nodes, with liver, lungs, and bones being the most common sites of distant metastasis. Because of tumor rarity, little is known about the value of F18- FDG PET/CT in evaluating this disease. Our case report aims to increase current knowledge of F18- FDG PET/CT in eccrine sweat gland carcinoma as a noninvasive imaging tool for assessing the extension of the disease and detecting distant metastases. We reported a -96year-old man who presented with as lowly progressive, ill-margined erythematous papules and nodules with a crusted and eroded involving multiple sites of groin, scrotum, penis, left pelvic wall, left hip and left thigh for >3 years, which became extensive in the past 2 months. The histologic investigation confirmed the diagnosis of an eccrine carcinoma. He was performed F18- FDG PET/CT to further evaluate the lesions. FDG PET/ CT imaging revealed FDG uptake at the extensive skin lesion, involvement of lymph nodes, and multiple FDG-avid of liver, skeletal and lung metastases.}, keywords = {Eccrine sweat gland carcinoma,Scrotum,Distant metastasis,F-18 FDG,PET/CT}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8766.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8766_0e4fee6a26b7b3093f77bbe8d341728f.pdf} } @article { author = {Riaz, Saima and Bashir, Humayun and Niazi, Imran}, title = {Triage of Limited Versus Extensive Disease on 18F-FDG PET/CT Scan in Small Cell lung Cancer}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {113-118}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8751}, abstract = {Objective(s): Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma, which accounts for 10-15% of pulmonary cancers and exhibits early metastatic spread. This study aimed to determine the added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging in tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging of SCLC, compared to the conventional computed tomography (CT) scan and its potential role as a prognosticator.Methods: This retrospective review was conducted on 23 patients, who were histopathologically diagnosed to have SCLC and referred for undergoing 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning during October 2009-December 2015. The rate of agreement between the CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT findings for TNM staging was calculated using the Cohen’s kappa (κ). The median follow-up time was eight months, ranging 27-3 months). The overall and disease-free survival rates were calculated based on the extent of disease.Results: 19 cases were male and four female with the mean age of 58±9 years. The 18F-FDG PET/CT identified limited and extensive diseases in 2 (8.7%) and 21 (91.3%) patients, respectively. In addition, the results of the Cohen’s kappa demonstrated a strong (κ=0.82), fair (κ=0.24), and poor (κ=0.12) agreement between the PET/CT and CT findings for determining tumor, node, and metastasis stages, respectively. The 18F-FDG PET/CT scans upstaged disease in 47% of the cases with visceral and osseous metastasis. The disease-free survival rates for the limited and extensive diseases were 100% and 23% within the 12-month follow-up. In addition, 8 (35%) patients expired during the follow-up period.Conclusion: Improved nodal and metastatic disease identification highlights the role of 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning in initial staging of SCLC with prognostic implications. }, keywords = {18F FDG PET-CT scan,small cell lung cancer,Disease free survival}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8751.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8751_aff6ca7a9234a2cbe5583ee76a7ed538.pdf} } @article { author = {Sasannezhad, Payam and Ghabeli Juibari, Ali and Sadri, Kayvan and Dabbagh Kakhki, Vahidreza and Sadeghi, Ramin and Sabour, Mahsa and Alizadeh, Hesam}, title = {99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT Imaging in Early and Late Onset Parkinson’s Disease}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {119-125}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8844}, abstract = {Objective(s): 99mTc-TRODAT-1, which binds to the dopamine transporter, could be used to image the dopaminergic system in diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD). PD can be classified into two groups: late onset Parkinson’s disease (LOPD) and early onset Parkinson’s disease (EOPD). In this study we tried to determine the TRODAT SPECT findings in EOPD as compared to LOPD.Methods: Fifteen patients were studied. The diagnosis of PD was defined by clinical criteria based on UK Parkinson’s Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. Six patients whose age at onset of PD were younger than 50 were defined as patients with EOPD and 9 patients with older than 50 years were defined as patients with LOPD. All patients underwent 99mTc-TRODAT Brain SPECT.Results: There was a significant decrease of striatal 99mTc-TRODAT-1 (TRODAT) binding in PD patients in both EOPD and LOPD. No significant difference was noticed between EOPD and LOPD in disease stage and symptoms. In visual analysis, 20 (66.67%) caudate nucleuses had decreased tracer uptake while all 30 (100%) putamens had decreased or absent tracer uptake. No significant difference between EOPD and LOPD was noticed in visual analysis. Striatum, Caudate and Putamen uptake ratio to background were calculated. No significant difference was noticed between EOPD and LOPD in these ratios. However there was significant difference in visual analysis (tracer uptake) as well as in uptake ratio between putamen and caudate nucleuses in both groups (P=0.001). On the other word, we found more diminished uptake in putamen as compared the caudate. Frequency and severity of putamen involvement were much more than caudate.Conclusion: 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT imaging showed lower presynaptical dopami-nergical terminals density in both EOPD and LOPD. There was no difference between EOPD and LOPD in TRODAT uptake. Putamen showed more involvement and more diminished TRODAT uptake. }, keywords = {Tc-99m-TRODAT-1,Parkinson's disease,Early onset,Late onset,dopamine transporter}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8844.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8844_5fd82ad7eb27b7df0f5e697fab12cca1.pdf} } @article { author = {Zeraatkar, Navid and Rahmim, Arman and Sarkar, Saeed and Ay, Mohammad Reza}, title = {Development and Evaluation of Image Reconstruction Algorithms for a Novel Desktop SPECT System}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {126-140}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8708}, abstract = {Objective (s): Various iterative reconstruction algorithms in nuclear medicine have been introduced in the last three decades. For each new imaging system, it is wise to select appropriate image reconstruction algorithms and evaluate their performance. In this study, three approaches of image reconstruction were developed for a novel desktop open-gantry SPECT system, PERSPECT, to assess their performance in terms of the quality of the resultant reconstructed images.Methods: In the present work, a proposed image reconstruction algorithm for the PERSPECT, referred to as quasi-simultaneous multiplicative algebraic reconstruction technique (qSMART), together with two popular image reconstruction methods, maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) and ordered-subsets EM (OSEM), were implemented and compared. Analytic and Monte Carlo simulations were applied for data acquisition of various phantoms including a micro-Derenzo phantom. All acquired data were reconstructed by the three algorithms using different number of iterations (1-40). A thorough set of figures-of-merit was utilized to quantitatively compare the generated images.Results: OSEM depicted reconstructed images of higher (or matching) quality in comparison to qSMART. MLEM also reached nearly similar quality as OSEM but at higher number of iterations. The graph of data discrepancy revealed that the ranking of the three approaches in terms of convergence speed is as qSMART, OSEM, and MLEM. Furthermore, bias-versus-noise curves indicated that optimal bias-noise results were achieved using OSEM.Conclusion: The results showed that although qSMART can be applied for image reconstruction if being halted in the early iterations (up to 5), the best achievable quality of images is obtained using the OSEM.}, keywords = {Image reconstruction,PERSPECT,MLEM,OSEM,ART}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8708.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8708_d4c4e6095b41070bb8e834a92e62f0c5.pdf} } @article { author = {Tsutsui, Yuji and Awamoto, Shinichi and Himuro, Kazuhiko and Umezu, Yoshiyuki and Baba, Shingo and Sasaki, Masayuki}, title = {Edge Artifacts in Point Spread Function-based PET Reconstruction in Relation to Object Size and Reconstruction Parameters}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {141-151}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8802}, abstract = {Objective(s): We evaluated edge artifacts in relation to phantom diameter and reconstruction parameters in point spread function (PSF)-based positron emission tomography (PET) image reconstruction.Methods: PET data were acquired from an original cone-shaped phantom filled with 18F solution (21.9 kBq/mL) for 10 min using a Biograph mCT scanner. The images were reconstructed using the baseline ordered subsets expectation maximization (OSEM) algorithm and the OSEM with PSF correction model. The reconstruction parameters included a pixel size of 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mm, 1-12 iterations, 24 subsets, and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the post-filter Gaussian filter of 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0 mm. We compared both the maximum recovery coefficient (RCmax) and the mean recovery coefficient (RCmean) in the phantom at different diameters.Results: The OSEM images had no edge artifacts, but the OSEM with PSF images had a dense edge delineating the hot phantom at diameters 10 mm or more and a dense spot at the center at diameters of 8 mm or less. The dense edge was clearly observed on images with a small pixel size, a Gaussian filter with a small FWHM, and a high number of iterations. At a phantom diameter of 6-7 mm, the RCmax for the OSEM and OSEM with PSF images was 60% and 140%, respectively (pixel size: 1.0 mm; FWHM of the Gaussian filter: 2.0 mm; iterations: 2). The RCmean of the OSEM with PSF images did not exceed 100%.Conclusion: PSF-based image reconstruction resulted in edge artifacts, the degree of which depends on the pixel size, number of iterations, FWHM of the Gaussian filter, and object size.}, keywords = {edge artifact,point-spread function,PET}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8802.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8802_d1c10fa9a850274ec8499c34dab38107.pdf} } @article { author = {Albano, Domenico and Treglia, Giorgio and Desenzani, Paolo and Bertagna, Francesco}, title = {Incidental unilateral tuberculous sacroiliitis detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with abdominal tuberculosis.}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {152-156}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8634}, abstract = {Tuberculosis is a systemic disease which involves skeletal and articular system very rarely. Osteoarticular tuberculosis commonly occurs in the vertebral column and more rarely in the sacroiliac joints. In this study, we report a 44-years-old male patient with low-grade fever, malabsorption syndrome, abdominal and pelvic ascites and low-back pain, that underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT for identifying the cause of signs and symptoms after a negative abdominal CT and negative thorax radiography. The study revealed increased tracer uptake at the peritoneal ascites and at the right sacroiliac joint in absence of bone alteration suggesting a sacroiliitis. Staining of the ascitic fluid was positive for acid-fast bacilli (Ziehl–Neelsen) and in the subsequent abdominal paracentesis Mycobacterium Tuberculosis was isolated; the final diagnosis was abdominal tuberculosis with a sacroiliac joint involvement. The patient started antitubercular therapy for 6 months and the clinical conditions were resolved, in particular both back pain and ascites disappeared.}, keywords = {18F-FDG,PET/CT,Abdominal tuberculosis,sacroiliitis}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8634.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8634_94cf3a47767ed1a684a5947ebfa3cf43.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayati, Narjess and Jesudason, Sarah and Berlangieri, Salvatore and Scott, Andrew}, title = {Generalized lymph node activation after Influenza vaccination on 18F FDG-PET/CT imaging, an important pitfall in PET interpretation}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {157-160}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8702}, abstract = {We report on a 59-year-old female patient with an infected vascular graft investigated with 18F FDG-PET/CT. The first of two studies showed FDG activity in the left deltoid and ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes explained by influenza vaccination the day prior. The second 18F FDG-PET/CT showed multiple FDG-avid lymph nodes on both sides of the diaphragm without tracer accumulation at the vaccination site. Three months later the CT was negative for lymphadenopathy within the chest or abdominal region. Although influenza vaccination is a potential source of false positive results in FDG PET studies, generalised lymph node activation post vaccination is a rare finding with only one prior published report in individuals infected with HIV-1. This case emphasizes the necessity of taking a history of vaccination prior to a FDG PET study, and consideration of a vaccine-related immune response even without evidence of tracer activity at the vaccination site when generalised FDG-avid lymphadenopathy is encountered.}, keywords = {18F FDG-PET,Influenza vaccination,Immunization,Lymph node,false positive}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8702.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8702_324aceb7bd08afeb3e8edfd75267e019.pdf} } @article { author = {Hashmi, Rashid}, title = {Sectional anatomy quiz}, journal = {Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology}, volume = {5}, number = {2}, pages = {161-165}, year = {2017}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with AOFNMB}, issn = {2322-5718}, eissn = {2322-5726}, doi = {10.22038/aojnmb.2017.8707}, abstract = {This mage based series comprises of a quiz pertaining to the identification of salient anatomical structures expected to be seen at a given level on the computed tomography (CT) followed by examples of multiple representative pathologies that can be seen at the same level in a routine clinical setting. It is expected that this will improve confidence of nuclear physicians in interpretation of the CT component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies.}, keywords = {Sectional anatomy,Chest,Computed Tomography (CT)}, url = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8707.html}, eprint = {https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_8707_1675fcc55c3e8e3972ff9997bc1c5c54.pdf} }