ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Role of Pre-therapeutic 18F-FDG PET/CT in Guiding the Treatment Strategy and Predicting Prognosis in Patients with Esophageal Carcinoma
Objective(s): The present study aimed to evaluate the role of pretherapeutic 18fluorine-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographycomputed tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) and maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in guiding the treatment strategy and predicting the prognosis of esophageal carcinoma, using the survival data of thepatients.Methods: The present retrospective, cohort study was performed on 40 consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma (confirmed by endoscopic biopsy), who underwent pre-operative 18F-FDG PET-CTstaging between January 2009 and June 2014. All the patients underwent contrast-enhanced CT and non-contrasted 18F-FDG PET-CT evaluations.The patients were followed-up over 12 months to assess the changes in therapeutic strategies. Survival analysis was done considering the primary tumor SUVmax, using the Kaplan–Meier product-limit method.Results: In a total of 40 patients, 18F-FDG PET-CT scan led to changes in disease stage in 26n (65.0%) cases, with upstaging and downstaging reported in 10n (25.0%) and 16n (40.0%) patients, respectively. The management strategy changed from palliative to curative in 10 out of 24 patients and from curative to palliative in 7 out of 16 cases. Based on the18F-FDG PET-CT scan alone, the median survival of patients in the palliative group was 4.0n (95 % CI 3.0-5.0) months, whereas the median survival in the curative group has not been reached, based on the 12-month followup.Selection of treatment strategy on the basis of 18F-FDG PET/CT alone was significantly associated with the survival outcomes at nine months (P=0.03) and marginally significant at 12 months (P=0.05). On the basisof SUVmax, the relation between survival and SUVmax was not statistically significant.Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT scan had a significant impact on stage stratification and subsequently, selection of a stage-specific treatment approach and the overall survival outcome in patients with esophageal carcinoma. However, pre-treatment SUVmax failed to stablish its usefulness in the assessment of patient prognosis and survival outcome.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_6848_1937055b161d32cdb5778e07fe8a70f3.pdf
2016-07-01
59
65
10.7508/aojnmb. 2016.02.001
FDG
PET/CT
oesophageal carcinoma
Prognosis
Teik Hin
Tan
teikhin.tan@gmail.com
1
Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Chin Yeen
Boey
boeychinyeen@gmail.com
2
Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Boon Nang
Lee
bnlee.ikn@gmail.com
3
Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Cancer Institute, Putrajaya, Malaysia
AUTHOR
1. Omar ZA, Ali ZM, Tamin NS. Malaysian cancer statistics–data and figure peninsular Malaysia 2006. National Cancer Registry: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2006.
1
2. Rankin S. The value of [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose-PET/CT in oesophageal cancer. Cancer Imaging. 2011;11(1A):S156-60.
2
3. Berry MF. Esophageal cancer: staging system and guidelines for staging and treatment. J Thorac Dis. 2014; 6(Suppl 3):S289–97.
3
4. Bruzzi JF, Munden RF, Truong MT, Marom EM, Sabloff BS, Gladish GW, et al. PET/CT of esophageal cancer: its role in clinical management. Radiographics. 2007;27(6):1635-52.
4
5. Hong SJ, Kim TJ, Nam KB, Lee IS, Yang HC, Cho S, et al. New TNM staging system for esophageal cancer: what chest radiologists need to know. Radiographics. 2014;34(6):1722-40.
5
6. Williams RN, Ubhi SS, Sutton CD, Thomas AL, Entwisle JJ, Bowrey DJ. The early use of PET-CT alters the management of patients with esophageal cancer. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009;13(5):868-73.
6
7. Kim K, Park SJ, Kim BT, Lee KS, Shim YM. Evaluation of lymph node metastases in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus with positron emission to mography. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;71(1):290-4.
7
8. Quint LE, Hepburn LM, Francis IR, Whyte RI, Orringer MB. Incidence and distribution of distant metastases from newly diagnosed esophageal carcinoma. Cancer. 1995;76(7):1120–5.
8
9. Kumar P, Damle NA, Bal C. Role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the Staging and Restaging of Esophageal Cancer: a Comparison with CECT. Indian J Surg Oncol. 2011;2(4):343-50.
9
10. Chatterton BE, Ho Shon I, Baldey A, Lenzo N, Patrikeos A, Kelley B, et al. Positron emission tomography changes management and prognostic stratification in patients with oesophageal cancer: results of a multicentre prospective study. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2009;36(3):354-61.
10
11. Pan L, Gu P, Huang G, Xue H, Wu S. Prognostic significance of SUV on PET/CT in patients with esophageal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009;21(9):1008-15.
11
12. Brown C, Howes B, Jamieson GG, Barholomeusz D, Zingg U, Sullivan TR, et al. Accuracy of PET-CT in predicting survival in patients with esophageal cancer. World J Surg. 2012;36(5):1089-95.
12
13. Hong D, Lunagomez S, Kim EE, Lee JH, Bresalier RS, Swisher SG, et al. Value of baseline positron emission tomography for predicting overall survival in patient with nonmetastatic esophageal or gastroesophageal junction carcinoma. Cancer. 2005;104(8):1620-6
13
14. Edge SB, Byrd DR, Compton CC, Fritz A, Greene FL, Trotti A. AJCC cancer staging manual. 7th ed. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2010. P. 117-26.
14
15. Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Neyman N, Aminou R, Waldron W, et al. SEER cancer statistics review, 1975-2008. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2011.
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16. Van Vliet EP, Heijenbrok-Kal MH, Hunink MG, Kuipers EJ, Siersema PD. Staging investigations for oesophageal cancer: a meta-analysis. Br J Cancer. 2008;98(3):547–57.
16
17. Roedl JB, Blake MA, Holalkere NS, Mueller PR, Colen RR, Harisinghani MG. Lymph node staging in esophageal adenocarcinoma with PET-CT based on a visual analysis and based on metabolic parameters. Abdom Imaging. 2009;34(5):610–7.
17
18. Roedl JB, Prabhakar HB, Mueller PR, Blake MA. Prediction of metastatic disease and survival in patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction tumors: the incremental value of PET-CT over PET and the clinical role of primary tumor volume measurements. Acad Radiol. 2009;16(2):218–26.
18
19. Berrisford RG, Wong WL, Day D, Toy E, Napier M, Mitchell K, et al. The decision to operate: role of integrated computed tomography positron emission tomography in staging oesophageal and oesophagogastric junction cancer by the multidisciplinary team. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(6):1112-6.
19
20. Gananadha S, Hazebroek EJ, Leibman S, Berry H, Osgood L, Shon IH, et al. The utility of FDG-PET in the preoperative staging of esophageal cancer. Dis Esophagus. 2008;21(5):389-94.
20
21. Salahudeen HM, Balan A, Naik K, Mirsadraee S, Scarsbrook AF. Impact of the introduction of integrated PET-CT into the preoperative staging pathway of patients with potentially operable oesophageal carcinoma. Clin Radiol. 2008;63(7):765-73.
21
22. Barber TW, Duong CP, Leong T, Bressel M, Brummond EG, Hicks RJ. 18F-FDG PET/CT has a high impact on patient management and provides powerful prognostic stratification in the primary staging of esophageal cancer: a prospective study with mature survival data. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(6):864-71.
22
23. Kim TJ, Kim HY, Lee KW, Kim MS. Multimodality assessment of esophageal cancer: preoperative staging and monitoring response to therapy. Radiographics 2009;29(2):403-21.
23
24. Luketich JD, Fiedman DM, Weigel TL, Meehan MA, Keenan RJ, Townsend DW, et al. Evaluation of distant metastases in esophgeal cancer: 100 consecutive positron emission tomography scans. Ann Thorac Surg. 1999;68(4):1133-6
24
25. Monjazeb AM, Riedlinger G, Aklilu M, Geisinger KR, Mishra G, Isom S, et al. Outcomes of patients with esophageal cancer staged with [¹⁸F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET): can postchemoradiotherapy FDG-PET predict the utility of resection?J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(31):4714-21.
25
26. Al-Taan OS, Eltweri A, Sharpe D, Rodgers PM, Ubhi SS, Bowrey DJ. Prognostic value of baseline FDG uptake on PET-CT in esophageal carcinoma. World J Gastrointest Oncol. 2014;6(5):139-44.
26
27. Shimoda W, Hayashi M, Murakami K, Oyama T, Sunagawa M. The relationship between FDG uptake in PET scans and biological behavior in breast cancer. Breast Cancer. 2007;14(3):260-8.
27
28. Hatt M, Visvikis D, Albarghach NM, Tixier F, Pradier O, Cheze-le Rest C. Prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET image-based parameters in oesophageal cancer and impact of tumour delineation methodology. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(7):1191–202.
28
29. Van Westreenen HL, Plukker JT, Cobben DC, Verhoogt CJ, Groen H, Jager PL. Prognostic value of the standardized uptake value in esophageal cancer. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185(2):436–40.
29
30. Cerfolio RJ, Bryant AS. Maximum standardized uptake values on positron emission tomography of esophageal cancer predicts stage, tumor biology, and survival. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82(2):391–4.
30
31. Cheze-Le Rest C, Metges JP, Teyton P, Jestin-Le Tallec V, Lozac’h P, Volant A, et al. Prognostic value of initial fluorodeoxyglucose-PET in esophageal cancer: a prospective study. Nucl Med Commun. 2008;29(7):628–35.
31
32. Choi JY, Jang HJ, Shim YM, Kim K, Lee KS, Choi Y, et al. 18F-FDG PET in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma undergoing curative surgery: prognostic implications. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(11):1843-50.
32
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Simultaneous Dual-radioisotope SPECT Imaging Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 99mTc-tetrofosmin
Objective(s): Use of a positron emission tomography (PET)/single-photonemission computed tomography (SPECT) system facilitates the simultaneousacquisition of images with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) andtechnetium (99mTc)-tetrofosmin. However, 18F has a short half-life, and 511keV Compton-scattered photons are detected in the 99mTc energy window.Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the consequences of thesefacts.Methods: The crosstalk correction for images in the 99mTc energy windowinvolved the dual energy window (DEW) subtraction method. In phantomstudies, changes in the count of uniform parts in a phantom (due to attenuationfrom decay), signal detectability in the hot-rod part of the phantom, and thedefect contrast ratio in a cardiac phantom were examined.Results: For 18F-FDG in the step-and-shoot mode, nearly a 9% difference wasobserved in the count of projection data between the start and end positionsof acquisition in the uniform part of the phantom. Based on the findings,the detectability of 12 mm hot rods was relatively poor. In the continuousacquisition mode, the count difference was corrected, and detectability of thehot rods was improved. The crosstalk from 18F to the 99mTc energy windowwas approximately 13%. In the cardiac phantom, the defect contrast in 99mTcimages from simultaneous dual-radionuclide acquisition was improved byapproximately 9% after DEW correction; the contrast after correction wassimilar to acquisition with 99mTc alone.Conclusion: Based on the findings, the continuous mode is useful for 18F-FDGacquisition, and DEW crosstalk correction is necessary for 99mTc-tetrofosminimaging.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_6597_697c876fd1687ec8e9061fb115b60b56.pdf
2016-07-01
66
71
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.002
18F-FDG
99mTc-tetrofosmin
DEW method
PET / SPECT system
Yasuyuki
Takahashi
takaynyma2@yahoo.co.jp
1
Department of Radiology, Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences, Maebashi, Japan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mizuki
Mochiki
m-mochiki@cvc.pref.gunma.jp
2
Department of Ragiological Technology, Gunma Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
AUTHOR
Keiko
Koyama
keiko.koyama.gm@gmail.com
3
Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
AUTHOR
Toshihiko
Ino
hoshasen.1@cvc.pref.gunma.jp
4
Department of Ragiological Technology, Gunma Cardiovascular Center, Maebashi, Japan
AUTHOR
Hiroyuki
Yamaji
mtaka0412@yahoo.co.jp
5
Department of Ragiological Technology, National Kyusyu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Atsuko
Kawakami
35.aiko.suk-icgice@ezweb.ne.jp
6
Department of Ragiological Technology, Red Cross Maebashi Hospital, Maebashi, Japan
AUTHOR
1. Japan Radioisotope Association. The Present State of Nuclear Medicine Practice in Japan—A Report of the 7th Nationwide Survey in 2012. Radioisotopes. 2013;62(8):545-608.
1
2. Coleman RE, Laymon CM, Turkington TG. FDG imaging of lung nodules: a phantom study comparing SPECT, camera-based PET, and delicated PET. Radiology. 1999;210(3):823-8.
2
3. van Lingen A, Huijgens PC, Visser FC, Ossenkoppele GJ, Hoekstra OS, Martens HJ, et al. Performance characteristics of a 511-keV collimator for imaging positron emitters with a standard gamma-camera. Eur J Nucl Med. 1992;19(5):315-21.
3
4. Fukuchi K, Katafuchi T, Fukushima K, Shimotsu Y, Toba M, Hayashida K, et al. Estimation of myocardial perfusion and viability using simultaneous 99mTc- Tetrofosmin--FDG collimated SPECT. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(8): 1318-23.
4
5. Pagnanelli RA, Hanson MW, Turkington T, Coleman RE, Borges-Neto S. Gated 99mTc-Tetrofosmin and 18F-FDG studies: a comparison of single-acquisition and separate-acquisition protocols. J Nucl Med Technol. 2002;30(4):175-8.
5
6. Hudson HM, Larkin RS. Accelerated image reconstruction using ordered subsets of projection data. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1994;13(4):601-9.
6
7. Takahashi Y, Murase K, Mochizuki T, Higashino H, Sugawara Y, Kinda A. Evaluation of the number of SPECT projections in the ordered subsets-expectation maximization image reconstruction method. Ann Nucl Med. 2003;17(7):525-30.
7
8. Takahashi Y, Matsuki H, Mochizuki T. Basic study of continuous repetitive data acquisition using a phantom. Kaku Igaku. 1996;33(12):1363-9.
8
9. Kubo A, Nakamura K, Hashimoto J, Sammiya T, Iwanaga S, Hashimoto S, et al. Phase I clinical traial of a new myocardial imaging agent, 99mTc- PPN1011. Kaku Igaku. 1992;29(10):1165-76.
9
10. Jaszczak RJ, Greer KL, Floyd CE, Harris CC, Coleman RE. Improved SPECT quantification using compensation for scattered photons. J Nucl Med. 1984;25(8):893-900.
10
11. Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48(3):452-8.
11
12. Stoll HP, Hellwig N, Alexander C, Ozbek C, Schieffer H, Oberhausen E. Myocardial metabolic imaging by means of fluorine-18 deoxyglucose/technetium- 99m sestamibi dual-isotope single-photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21(10):1085-93.
12
13. Takahashi Y, Miyagawa M, Nishiyama Y, Ishimura H, Mochizuki T. Dual radioisotopes simultaneous SPECT of 99mTc-tetrofosmin and 123I-BMIPP using a semiconductor detector. Asia Oceania J Nucl Med Biol. 2015;3(1):43-9.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of iterative reconstruction method and attenuation correction on brain dopamine transporter SPECT using anthropomorphic striatal phantom
Objective(s): The aim of this study was to determine the optimal reconstruction parameters for iterative reconstruction in different devices and collimators for dopamine transporter (DaT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The results were compared between filtered back projection (FBP) and different attenuation correction (AC) methods.Methods: An anthropomorphic striatal phantom was filled with 123I solutions at different striatum-to-background radioactivity ratios. Data were acquired using two SPECT/CT devices, equipped with a low-to-medium-energy general-purpose collimator (cameras A-1 and B-1) and a low-energy high-resolution (LEHR) collimator (cameras A-2 and B-2).The SPECT images were once reconstructed by FBP using Chang’s AC and once by ordered subset expectation maximization (OSEM) using both CTAC and Chang’s AC; moreover, scatter correction was performed. OSEM on cameras A-1 and A-2 included resolution recovery (RR). The images were analyzed, using the specific binding ratio (SBR). Regions of interest for the background were placed on both frontal and occipital regions.Results: The optimal number of iterations and subsets was 10i10s on camera A-1, 10i5s on camera A-2, and 7i6s on cameras B-1 and B-2. The optimal full width at half maximum of the Gaussian filter was 2.5 times the pixel size. In the comparison between FBP and OSEM, the quality was superior on OSEM-reconstructed images, although edge artifacts were observed in cameras A-1 and A-2. The SBR recovery of OSEM was higher than that of FBP on cameras A-1 and A-2, while no significant difference was detected on cameras B-1 and B-2. Good linearity of SBR was observed in all cameras. Inthe comparison between Chang’s AC and CTAC, a significant correlation was observed on all cameras. The difference in the background region influenced SBR differently in Chang’s AC and CTAC on cameras A-1 and B-1.Conclusion: Iterative reconstruction improved image quality on all cameras, although edge artifacts were observed in images captured by cameras with RR. The SBR of OSEM with RR was higher than that of FBP, while the SBR of OSEM without RR was equal to that of FBP. Also, the SBR of Chang’s AC varied with different background regions in cameras A-1 and B-1.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_7007_938b1f3b68e5eeb31d1b4c8d7a02b4a0.pdf
2016-07-01
72
80
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.003
SPECT/CT
iterative reconstruction
Attenuation Correction
Akira
Maebatake
xpcryk11@gmail.com
1
Division of Medical Quantum Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Ayaka
Imamura
ayaka82215@gmail.com
2
Radiological Science Course, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Yui
Kodera
kodera0817@gmail.com
3
Radiological Science Course, Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Yasuo
Yamashita
yasuo-y@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
4
Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Kazuhiko
Himuro
himuro@med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
5
Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Shingo
Baba
sbaba127@radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
6
Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Kenta
Miwa
kenta5710@gmail.com
7
Division of Medical Quantum Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan
AUTHOR
Masayuki
Sasaki
msasaki@hs.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
8
Division of Medical Quantum Sciences, Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Djang DS, Janssen MJ, Bohnen N, Booij J, Henderson TA, Herholz K, et al. SNM practice guideline for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-ioflupane SPECT 1.0. J Nucl Med. 2012;53(1):154-63.
1
2. Darcourt J, Booij J, Tatsch K, Varrone A, Vander Borght T, Kapucu OL, et al. EANM procedure guidelines for brain neurotransmission SPECT using 123I-labelled dopamine transporter ligands, version 2. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(2):443-50.
2
3. O’Sullivan JD, Lees AJ. Nonparkinsonian tremors. Clin Neuropharmacol. 2000;23(5):233-8.
3
4. Furukawa Y, Kish SJ. Dopa-responsive dystonia: recent advances and remaining issues to be addressed. Mov Disord. 1999;14(5):709-15.
4
5. Tissingh G, Bergmans P, Booij J, Winogrodzka A, Stoof JC, Wolters EC, et al. [123I]beta-CIT single-photon emission tomography in Parkinson’s disease reveals a smaller decline in dopamine transporter s with age than in controls. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24(9):1171-4.
5
6. Lavalaye J, Booij J, Reneman L, Habraken JB, van Royen EA. Effect of age and gender on dopamine transporter imaging with [123I]-FP-CIT SPET in healthy volunteers. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(7):867-9.
6
7. Tissingh G, Booij J, Bergmans P, Winogrodzka A, Janssen AG, van Royen EA, et al. Iodine-123-N-omega-fluoropropyl-2beta- carbomethoxy-3beta- (4-iod ophenyl)tropane SPECT in healthy controls and early-stage, drug-naive Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 1998;39(7):1143–8.
7
8. Booij J, Habraken JB, Bergmans P, Tissingh G, Winogrodzka A, Wolters EC, et al. Imaging of dopamine transporters with iodine-123-FP-CIT SPECT in healthy controls and patients with Parkinson’s disease. J Nucl Med. 1998;39(11):1879–84.
8
9. Seibyl JP, Marek K, Sheff K, Zoghbi S, Baldwin RM, Charney DS, et al. Iodine-123-beta-CIT and iodine- 123-FPCIT SPECT measurement of dopamine transporters in healthy subjects and Parkinson’s patients. J Nucl Med. 1998;39(9):1500–8.
9
10. Badiavas K, Molyvda E, Iakovou I, Tsolaki M, Psarrakos K, Karatzas N. SPECT imaging evaluation in movement disorders: far beyond visual assessment. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(4):764–73.
10
11. Soret M, Koulibaly PM, Darcourt J, Hapdey S, Buvat I. Quantitative accuracy of dopaminergic neurotransmission imaging with (123)I SPECT. J Nucl Med. 2003;44(7):1184-93.
11
12. Pareto D, Cot A, Pavı´a J, Falcón C, Juvells I, Lomeña F, et al. Iterative reconstruction with correction of the spatially variant fan-beam collimator response in neurotransmission SPET imaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30(10):1322–9.
12
13. Maebatake A, Sato M, Kagami R, Yamashita Y, Komiya I, Himuro K, et al. An anthropomorphic phantom study of brain dopamine transporter SPECT images obtained using different SPECT/ CT devices and collimators. J Nucl Med Technol. 2015;43(1):41-6.
13
14. Ishii K, Hanaoka K, Okada M, Kumano S, Komeya Y, Tsuchiya N, et al. Impact of CT attenuation correction by SPECT/CT in brain perfusion images. Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26(3):241-7.
14
15. Vija HA, Hawman EG, Engdahl JC. Analysis of a SPECT OSEM reconstruction method with 3D beam modeling and optional attenuation correction: phantom studies. IEEE Nucl Sci Symp Conf Record. 2003;4:2662-6.
15
16. Winz OH, Hellwig S, Mix M, Weber WA, Mottaghy FM, Schäfer WM, et al. Image quality and data quantification in dopamine transporter SPECT: advantage of 3-dimentional OSEM reconstruction? Clin Nucl Med. 2012;37(9):866-71.
16
17. Onishi H, Motomura N, Fujino K, Natsume T, Haramoto Y. Quantitative performance of advanced resolution recovery strategies on SPECT images: evaluation with use of digital phantom models. Radiol Phys Technol. 2013;6(1):42-53.
17
18. Dickson JC, Tossici-Bolt L, Sera T, Erlandsson K, Varrone A, Tatsch K, et al. The impact of reconstruction method on the quantification of DaTSCAN images. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(1):23-35.
18
19. He X, Frey EC, Links JM, Song X, Tsui BM. Comparison of penetration and scatter effects on defects on defect contrast for GE and Siemens LEHR collimators in myocardial perfusion SPECT a simulation study. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2005;52(5):1359-64.
19
20. Bieńkiewicz M, Górska-Chrzastek M, Siennicki J, Gajos A, Bogucki A, Mochecka-Thoelke A, et al. Impact of CT based attenuation correction on quantitative assessment of DaTSCAN ((123)I-Ioflupane) imaging in diagnosis of extrapyramidal diseases. Nucl Med Rev Cent East Eur. 2008;11(2):53-8.
20
21. Lange C, Seese A, Schwarzenböck S, Steinhoff K, Umland-Seidler B, Krause BJ, et al. CT-based attenuation correction in I-123-ioflupane SPECT. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(9):e108328.
21
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Validation of computed tomography-based attenuation correction of deviation between theoretical and actual values for four computed tomography scanners
Objective: In this study, we aimed to validate the accuracy of computed tomography-based attenuation correction (CTAC) using the bilinear scaling method.Methods: The measured attenuation coefficient (μm) was compared to a theoretical attenuation coefficient (μt ) using four different CT scanners and an RMI 467 phantom. The effective energy of the CT beam X-rays was calculated, using the aluminum half-value layer method, and was used in conjunction with an attenuation map to convert the CT numbers to μm values for the photon energy of 140 keV. We measured the CT number of the RMI 467 phantom for each of four scanners, and compared the μm and μt values for the effective energies of the CT beam X-rays, effective atomic numbers, and physical densities.Results: The μm values for CT beam X-rays with low effective energies decreased in high construction elements, compared with CT beam X-rays of high effective energies . As the physical density increased, the μm values elevated linearly. Compared with other scanners, the μm values obtained from the scanner with CT beam X-rays of the maximal effective energy increased once the effective atomic number exceeded 10.00. The μm value of soft tissue was equivalent to the μt value. However, the ratios of the maximal differences between the μm value and the μt value were 25.4% (lung) and 21.5% (bone) respectively. Additionally, the maximal differences in the μm values were 6.0% in the bone tissue for each scanner.Conclusion: The bilinear scaling method could accurately convert CT numbers to μ values within the soft tissues.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_6784_073c28beffee923dce195674d5c04f8f.pdf
2016-07-01
81
89
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.004
Bilinear scaling
CTAC
Attenuation Coefficient
effective atomic number
Nobuhiro
Yada
yada0516@gmail.com
1
Department of Radiology, Shimane University Hospital, Izumo, Japan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Hideo
Onishi
onisi@pu-hiroshima.ac.jp
2
Biological Systems Sciences Program, Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research, Prefectural University
of Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
AUTHOR
1. Ishii K, Hanaoka K, Okada M, Kumano S, Komeya Y, Tsuchiya N, et al. Impact of CT attenuation correction by SPECT/CT in brain perfusion images. Ann Nucl Med. 2012;26(3):241-7.
1
2. Apostolopoulos DJ, Spyridonidis T, Skouras T, Giannakenas C, Savvopoulos C, Vassilakos PJ. Comparison between 180 degrees and 360 degrees acquisition arcs with and without correction by CT-based attenuation maps in normal hearts at rest. Nucl Med Commun. 2008;29(2):110-9.
2
3. Patton JA, Turkington TG. SPECT/CT physical principles and attenuation correction. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008;36(1):1-10.
3
4. Ay MR, Shirmohammad M, Sarkar S, Rahmim A, Zaidi H. Comparative assessment of energy-mapping approaches in CT-based attenuation correction for PET. Mol Imaging Biol. 2011;13(1):187-98.
4
5. Iida H, Noto K, Mitsui W, Takata T, Yamamoto T, Matsubara K. A new method of measuring effective energy using copper-pipe absorbers in X-ray CT. Nihon Hoshasen Gijutsu Gakkai Zasshi. 2011,67(9):1183-91.
5
6. Kan WC, Wiley AL Jr, Wirtanen GW, Lange TA, Moran PR, Paliwal BR, et al. High Z elements in human sarcomata: assessment by multienergy CT and neutron activation analysis. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980;135(1):123-9.
6
7. Yang M. Dual energy computed tomography for proton therapy treatment planning. [Dissertations Theses]. Texas: The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences; 2011. P. 127.
7
8. Berger MJ, Hubbell JH, Seltzer SM, Chang J, Coursey JS, Sukumar R, et al. XCOM: Photon Cross Sections Database. Physical Measurement Laboratory. Available at: URL: http://www.nist.gov/pml/data/ xcom/; 2009.
8
9. Koyama S, Shoji T, Ochiai K. Actual dose measurement in X-ray CT. In: Japanese society of radiological technology the radiation measurement section. Textbook of medical dosimetry: patient exposures and dosimetry for X-ray procedures, Koyama S, editors. 2nd ed. Kyoto: Japanese Society of Radiological Technology; 2006. p. 53.
9
10. Singh VP, Badiger NM. Effective atomic numbers of some tissue substitutes by different methods: a comparative study. J Med Phys. 2014;39(1):24-31.
10
11. LaCroix KJ, Tsui BM, Hasegawa BH, Brown JK. Investigation of the use of X-ray CT images for attenuation compensation in SPECT. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1994;41(6):2793-9.
11
12. Blankespoor SC, Xu X, Kaiki K, Brown JK, Tang HR, Cann CE, et al. Attenuation correction of SPECT using X-ray CT on an emission transmission CT system: myocardial perfusion assessment. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1996;43(4):2263-74.
12
13. Kinahan PE, Hasegawa BH, Beyer T. X ray-based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners. Semin Nucl Med. 2003;33(3):166-79.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides in patients with neuroendocrine tumours
Objective(s): The objectives of this work was to assess the benefits of the application of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models in patients with different neuroendocrine tumours (NET) who were treatedwith Lu-177 DOTATATE. The model utilises clinical data on biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) obtained by whole body scintigraphy (WBS) of the patients.Methods: The blood flow restricted (perfusion rate limited) type of the PBPK model for biodistribution of radiolabeled peptides (RLPs) in individual human organs is based on the multi-compartment approach, which takes into account the main physiological processes in the organism: absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME). The approachcalibrates the PBPK model for each patient in order to increase the accuracy of the dose estimation. Datasets obtained using WBS in four patients have been used to obtain the unknown model parameters. The scintigraphic data were acquired using a double head gamma camera in patients with different neuroendocrine tumours who were treated with Lu-177 DOTATATE. The activity administered to each patient was 7400MBq.Results: Satisfactory agreement of the model predictions with the data obtained from the WBS for each patient has been achieved. Conclusion: The study indicates that the PBPK model can be used for more accurate calculation of biodistribution and absorbed doses in patients. This approach is the first attempt of utilizing scintigraphic data in PBPK models, which was obtained during Lu-177 peptide therapy of patients with NET.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_7006_0857d44d3337524867489f5b317647d6.pdf
2016-07-01
90
97
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.005
PBPK model
radiolabeled peptides
whole body scintigraphy
Lu177-DOTATATE
Viktor
Popov
viktor@ascendtechnologies.co.uk
1
Ascend Technologies Ltd, Eastleigh, UK
LEAD_AUTHOR
Radovan
Gospavic
radovan@ascendtechnologies.co.uk
2
Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
AUTHOR
Peter
Knoll
peter.knoll@wienkav.at
3
Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
AUTHOR
Siroos
Mirzaei
siroos.mirzaei@gesundheitsverbund.at
4
Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
AUTHOR
1. Theil FP, Guentert TW, Haddad S, Poulin P. Utility of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models to drug development and rational drug discovery candidate selection. Toxicol Lett. 2003;138(1- 2):29-49.
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2. Lee HA, Leavens TL, Mason SE, Monteiro- Riviere NA, Riviere JE. Comparison of quantum dot biodistribution with a blood-flow-limited physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Nano Lett. 2009;9(2):794-9.
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3. Baxter LT, Zhu H, Mackensen DG, Butler WF, Jain RK. Biodistribution of monoclonal antibodies: scale-up from mouse to human using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Cancer Res. 1995;55(20):4611-22.
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4. Baxter LT, Zhu H, Mackensen DG, Jain RK. physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for specific and nonspecific monoclonal antibodies and fragments in normal tissues and human tumor xenografts in nude mice. Cancer Res. 1994;54(6):1517-28.
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5. Adams JC, Dills RL, Morgan MS, Kalman DA, Pierce CH. A physiologically based toxicokinetic model of inhalation exposure to xylenes in Caucasian men. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005;43(2):203-14.
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6. Van Asperen J, Rijcken WR, Lammers JH. Application of physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling to study the impact of the exposure scenario on the toxicokinetics and the behavioural effects of toluene in rats. Toxicol Lett. 2003;138(1-2):51-62.
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7. Sweeney LM, Gut CP Jr, Gargas ML, Reddy G, Williams LR, Johnson MS. Assessing the non-cancer risk for RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro- 1,3,5-triazine) using physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBTK) modelling. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2012;62(1):107-14.
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8. Krishnan K, Peyret T. Physiologically based toxicokinetic (PBTK) modeling in ecotoxicology. InEcotoxicology modelingmodelling. New York: Springer; 2009. (ppP. 145-175). Springer US
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9. Clewell RA, Clewell HJ 3rd. Development and specification of physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for use in risk assessment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2008;50(1):129-43.
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10. Nestorov I. Whole-Body Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Models. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 2007;3(2):235-49.
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11. Ings RM. Interspecies scaling and comparisons in drug development and toxicokinetics. Xenobiotica. 1990;20(11):1201–31.
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12. Bodei L, Kidd M, Paganelli G, Grana CM, Drozdov I, Cremonesi M, et al. Long-term tolerability of PRRT in 807 patients with neuroendocrine tumours: the value and limitations of clinical factors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42(1):5-19.
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13. Barone R, Borson-Chazot F, Valkema R, Walrand S, Chauvin F, Gogou L, et al. Patient-specific dosimetry in predicting renal toxicity with (90)Y-DOTATOC: relevance of kidney volume and dose rate in finding a dose-effect relationship. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(Suppl 1):99S-106S.
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14. Lassmann M, Chiesa C, Flux G, Bardiès M, EANM Dosimetry Committee. EANM Dosimetry Committee guidance document: good practice of clinical dosimetry reporting. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(1):192-200.
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15. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.. Ann ICRP. 1991;21(1-3):1-201.
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17. Stabin MG. Uncertainties in internal dose calculations for radiopharmaceuticals. J Nucl Med. 2008;49(5):853-60.
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24. Mirzaei S, Bastati B, Lipp RW, Knoll P, Zojer N, Ludwig H. Additional lesions detected in therapeutic scans with 177Lu-DOTATATE reflect higher affinity of 177Lu-DOTATATE for somatostatin receptors. Oncology. 2011;80(5-6):326-9.
24
25. Rolleman EJ, Valkema R, de Jong M, Kooij PP, Krenning EP. Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of lysine and arginine. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30(1):9-15.
25
26. Vegt E, de Jong M, Wetzels JF, Masereeuw R, Melis M, Oyen WJ, et al. Renal toxicity of radiolabeled peptides and antibody fragments: mechanisms, impact on radionuclide therapy, and strategies for prevention. J Nucl Med. 2010;51(7):1049-58.
26
27. Kwekkeboom DJ, de Herder WW, Kam BL, van Eijck CH, van Essen M, Kooij PP, et al. Treatment with the radiolabeled somatostatin analog [177Lu- DOTA0,Tyr3] octreotate: toxicity, efficacy, and survival. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(13):2124-30.
27
28. Reddy M, Yang RS, Andersen ME, Clewell III III HJ. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling: science and application. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons; 2005.
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29. Ball R, Schwartz SL. CMATRIX: software for physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling using a symbolic matrix representation system. Comput Biol Med. 1994;24(4):269-76.
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30. Lin JH, Sugiyama Y, Awazu S, Hanano M. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the tissue-to-blood partition coefficient for physiological pharmacokinetic models. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm. 1982; 10(6): 637-47.
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31. Hissink AM, Wormhoudt LW, Sherratt PJ, Hayes JD, Commandeur JN, Vermeulen NP, et al. A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PB-PK) model for ethylene dibromide: relevance of extrahepatic metabolism. Food Chem Toxicol. 2000;38(8):707-16.
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32. Pardridge WM. Blood-brain barrier biology and methodology. J Neurovirol. 1999;5(6):556-69.
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33. Banks WA. Physiology and pathology of the blood-brain barrier: implications for microbial pathogenesis, drug delivery and neurodegenerative disorders. J Neurovirol. 1999;5(6):538-55.
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34. Lueshen E, Hall C, Mošat A, Linninger A. Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Parameter Estimation for Cyclosporin A. In: Pistikopoulos EN, Georgiadis MC, Kokossis AC, editors. 21st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. 1st ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2011. P. 1543.
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35. Toint PL. Toint PL. Global convergence of aa of trust-region methods for nonconvex minimization in hilbert space. IMA J Numerical Anal. 1988;8(2):231- 52.
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36
37. Conn AR, Gould NI, Toint PL. Trust-region methods, society for industrial and applied mathematics. SIAM, Philadelphia. 2000;1(7):12.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Preparation and biological study of 68Ga-DOTA-alendronate
Objective(s): In line with previous research on the development of conjugated bisphosphonate ligands as new bone-avid agents, in this study, DOTA conjugated alendronate (DOTA-ALN) was synthesized and evaluated after labeling with gallium-68 (68Ga).Methods: DOTA-ALN was synthesized and characterized, followed by 68Ga-DOTA-ALN preparation, using DOTA-ALN and 68GaCl3 (pH: 4-5) at 92-95°C for 10 min. Stability tests, hydroxyapatite assay, partition coefficient calculation,biodistribution studies, and imaging were performed on the developed agent in normal rats.Results: The complex was prepared with high radiochemical purity (>99% as depicted by radio thin-layer chromatography; specific activity: 310-320GBq/mmol) after solid phase purification and was stabilized for up to 90 min with a logP value of -2.91. Maximum ligand binding (65%) was observed in the presence of 50 mg of hydroxyapatite; a major portion of the activity was excreted through the kidneys. With the exception of excretory organs, gastrointestinal tract organs, including the liver, intestine, and colon, showed significant uptake; however, the bone uptake was low (<1%) at 30 min afterthe injection. The data were also confirmed by sequential imaging at 30-90 min following the intravenous injection.Conclusion: The high solubility and anionic properties of the complex led to major renal excretion and low hydroxyapatite uptake; therefore, the complex failed to demonstrate bone imaging behaviors.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_7017_bc4d8127f79a12b6d3c8c40b99566276.pdf
2016-07-01
98
105
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.006
Ga-68
DOTA
Alendronate
Biodistribution
Radiolabeling
Ashraf
Fakhari
a.fakhari34@gmail.com
1
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Amir
Jalilian
ajalili@aeoi.org.ir
2
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Fariba
Johari-daha
fjohari@aeoi.org.ir
3
Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Shafiee-Ardestani
shafieeardestani@gmail.com
4
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ali
Khalaj
khalaj@ams.ac.ir
5
Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Sudbrock F, Fischer T, Zimmermann B, Guliyev M, Dietlein M, Drezezga A, et al. Characterization of SnO2-based (68)Ge/ (68)Ga generators and (68) Ga-DOTATATE preparations: radionuclide purity, radiochemical yield and long-term constancy. EJNMMI Res. 2014;4(1):36.
1
2. Velikyan I. Prospective of 68Ga-radiopharmaceutical development. Theranostics. 2013;4(1):47–80.
2
3. Fazaeli Y, Jalilian AR, Amini MM, Ardaneh K, Rahiminejad A, Bolourinovin F, et al. Development of (68)Ga-fluorinated porphyrin complex as a possible PET imaging agent. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2012;46(1):20–6.
3
4. Bayouth JE, Macey DJ, Kasi LP, Fossella FV. Dosimetry and toxicity of samarium-153-EDTMP administered for bone pain due to skeletal metastases. J Nucl Med. 1994;35(1):63–9.
4
5. Mitterhauser M, Toegel S, Wadsak W, Lanzenberger RR, Mien LK, Kuntner C, et al. Pre vivo, ex vivo and in vivo evaluations of [68Ga]-EDTMP. Nucl Med Biol. 2007;34(4):391–7.
5
6. Mirzaei A, Jalilian AR, Badbarin A, Mazidi M, Mirshojaei F, Geramifar P, et al. Optimized production and quality control of (68)Ga-EDTMP for small clinical trials. Ann Nucl Med. 2015;29(6):506–11.
6
7. Fellner M, Biesalski B, Bausbacher N, Kubicek V, Hermann P, Rösch F, et al. (68)Ga-BPAMD: PET-imaging of bone metastases with generator based positron emitter. Nucl Med Biol. 2012;39(7):993–9.
7
8. Chadha N, Sinha D, Anjani K, Tiwari AK, Chuttani K. Mishra AK. synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of high-affinity bone targeting N,N’-Bis (alendronate) diethylenetriamene‐N, N’-triacetic acid: a bifunctional bone scintigraphy. agent. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2013;82(4):468–76.
8
9. Fakhari A, Jalilian AR, Yousefnia H, Shafiee- Ardestani M, Johari-Daha F, Mazidi M, et al. Development of radiolanthanide-labeled-Bis- alendronate complexes for bone pain palliation therapy. Austin J Nucl Med Radiother. 2015;2(1):1012-9.
9
10. Fakhari A, Jalilian AR, Ardestani MS, Deha FJ, Mirzaie M, Moradkhan S, et al. Radiosynthesis and Animal Studies of 111In-DTPA-bis-alendronate Complex. Front Biomed Technol. 2015;2(3):163-71.
10
11. Nikzad M, Jalilian AR, Shirvani-Arani S, Bahrami- Samani A, Golchoubian H. Production, quality control and pharmacokinetic studies of 177Lu-zoledronate for bone pain palliation therapy. J Radioanal Nucl Chem. 2013;298(2):1273–81.
11
12. Breeman WA, de Jong M, de Blois E, Bernard BF, Konijnenberg M, Krenning EP. Radiolabelling DOTA-peptides with 68Ga. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;32(4):478–85.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Hepatosplenic Candidiasis Detected by 18F-FDG-PET/CT
Hepatosplenic candidiasis is a fungal infection, which mostly affects patientswith hematologic malignancies such as leukemia. The pathogenesis of thisinfection is not clear yet, and the liver is the most commonly affected organ.Diagnosis of hepatosplenic candidiasis can be only established via biopsy,since computed tomography (CT) scan, ultrasonography, and magneticresonance imaging (MRI) yield non-specific results. The role of fluorine-18fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography /computed tomography(18F-FDG PET/CT) in diagnosis of hepatosplenic candidiasis remainsundetermined, considering a few evidences in the literature. In this casereport, we present the case of a 47-year-old patient, affected by acute myeloidleukemia, which was treated with three cycles of chemotherapy, resulting inthe development of neutropenia and fever following the last cycle. The 18F-FDGPET/CT scan showed some foci of intense FDG uptake in the liver and spleen.The subsequent diagnostic investigations (i.e., abdominal CT scan and biopsy)were suggestive of hepatosplenic candidiasis. The patient was started onantifungal treatment with fluconazole. After one month, the clinical conditionswere resolved, and the subsequent abdominal CT scan was negative.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_6488_26e39a16d7e51d080217c7c2f1173563.pdf
2016-07-01
108
108
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.007
18F-FDG
PET/CT
hepatosplenic candidiasis
chronic disseminated candidiasis
Domenico
Albano
doalba87@libero.it
1
Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Giovanni
Bosio
giovanni.bosio@spedalicivili.brescia.it
2
Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
AUTHOR
Mattia
Bertoli
mattia.bertoli@gmail.com
3
Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
AUTHOR
Giulia
Petrilli
petrilligiuliaa@gmail.com
4
Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Anatomic Pathology Section, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
AUTHOR
Francesco
Bertagna
francesco.bertagna@spedalicivili.brescia.it
5
Nuclear Medicine, Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
AUTHOR
1. Thaler M, Pastakia B, Shawker TH, O’Leary T, Pizzo PA. Hepatic candidiasis in cancer patients: the evolving picture of the syndrome. Ann Intern Med. 1988;108(1):88-100.
1
2. Kontoyiannis DP, Luna MA, Samuels BI, Bodey GP. Hepatosplenic candidiasis. A manifestation of chronic disseminated candidiasis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2000;14(3):721-39.
2
3. Kauffman CA, Bradley SF, Ross SC, Weber DR. Hepatosplenic candidiasis: successful treatment with fluconazole. Am J Med. 1991;91(2):137-41.
3
4. Rammaert B, Desjardins A, Lortholary O. New insights into hepatosplenic candidosis, a manifestation of chronic disseminated candidosis. Mycoses. 2012;55(3):e74-84.
4
5. Samuels BI, Pagani JJ, Libshitz HI. Radiologic features of Candida infections. In: Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Bodey GP (Ed). New York: Raven Press; 1993. p:137.
5
6. Anttila VJ, Lamminen AE, Bondestam S, Korhola O, Farkkila M, Sivonen A, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging is superior to computed tomography and ultrasonography in imaging infectious liver foci in acute leukaemia. Eur J Haematol. 1996;56(1-2):82-7.
6
7. Halkic N, Ksontini R. Images in clinical medicine. Hepatosplenic candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2007;356(4):e4.
7
8. Masood A, Sallah S. Chronic disseminated candidiasis in patients with acute leukemia: emphasis on diagnostic definition and treatment. Leuk Res. 2005;29(5):493-501.
8
9. Pappas PG, Kauffman CA, Andes D, Benjamin DK Jr, Calandra TF, Edwards JE Jr, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48(5):503-35.
9
10. Teyton P, Baillet G, Hindié E, Filmont JE, Sarandi F, Toubert ME, et al. Hepatosplenic candidiasis imaged with F-18 FDG PET/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2009;34(7):439-40.
10
11. Xu B, Shi P, Wu H, Guo X, Wang Q, Zhou S. Utility of FDG PET/CT in guiding antifungal therapy in acute leukemia patients with chronic disseminated candidiasis. Clin Nucl Med 2010;35(8):567–70.
11
12. Jennane S, Eddou H, Mahtat EM, Konopacki J, Souleau B, Malfuson JV, et al. Contribution of PET/ CT for the management of hepatosplenic candidiasis in hematology. Med Mal Infect. 2014;44(6):281-3.
12
13. Sharma P, Mukherjee A, Karunanithi S, Bal C, Kumar R. Potential role of 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with fungal infections. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203(1):180-9.
13
14. Hot A, Maunoury C, Poiree S, Lanternier F, Viard JP, Loulergue P, et al. Diagnostic contribution of positron emission tomography with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose for invasive fungal infections. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2011;17(3):409–17.
14
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Myocardial Perfusion SPECT Imaging in Dextrocardia with Situs Inversus: A Case Report
Dextrocardia is a cardiac positional anomaly in which the heart is located in the right hemithorax with its base-to-apex axis directed to the right and caudad. Situs inversus is an autosomal recessive disorder that causes organs in the chest and abdomen to be positioned in a mirror image from their normal position. Dextrocardia may occur in isolation or as part of situs inversus. Similarly, situs inversus may occur with or without dextrocardia. Situs inversus accompanied with dextrocardia (situs inversus totalis) is a rare congenital abnormality occurring in 0.01% of live births. Herein, we present the case of a 35-yearold man with previously diagnosed situs inversus totalis with mirror-image dextrocardia, referred to our facility for diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD). The incidence and presentation of CAD in patients with dextrocardiaare similar to the normal population. However, considerable attention should be paid to the acquisition of myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and data processing/analysis in this group of patients. The present case highlights thedistinctive applications and potential pitfalls of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging in patients with dextrocardia.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_7018_601dc6a0a1f59c0b354055b348de5885.pdf
2016-07-01
109
112
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.008
Dextrocardia
situs inversus totalis
myocardial perfusion imaging
Image Processing
Olusegun Akinwale
Ayeni
akinwaleayeni@yahoo.co.uk
1
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nico
Malan
nico.malan@wits.ac.za
2
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
AUTHOR
Emmanuel
Hammond
kochor@yahoo.com
3
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
AUTHOR
Mboyo-Di-Tamba
Vangu
mboyo-di-tamba.vangu@wits.ac.za
4
Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiation Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand and Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, South Africa.
AUTHOR
1. Maldjian PD, Saric M. Approach to dextrocardia in adults: review. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188(6 Suppl):S39-49.
1
2. Kashyap R, Abrar ML, Bhattacharya A, Rohit MK, Mittal BR. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a case of dextrocardia: Doing it “right.” Indian J Nucl Med. 2012;27(4):252-3.
2
3. Hynes KM, Gau GT, Titus JL. Coronary heart disease in situs inversus totalis. Am J Cardiol. 1973;31(5):666-9.
3
4. Ilia R, Gussarsky Y, Gueron M. Coronary angiography in a patient with mirror-image heart (“situs inversus”). lnt J Cardiol. 1988;20(2):273-5.
4
5. Romano G, Guida G, De Garate E, Guida MC. Minimally-invasive coronary surgery in dextrocardia and situs inversus totalis. Interact CardioVasc Thorac Surg. 2010;11(6):820-1
5
6. Delong SR. Thallium stress test in a patient with dextrocardia. Clin Nucl Med. 1983;8(4):180.
6
7. Kasner JR, Kamrani F. Thallium imaging in a patient with situs inversus. Clin Nucl Med. 1983;8(5):224
7
8. Ö zdemir S, Gazi E. Myocardial perfusion spect imaging in dextrocardia: a case report. Mol Imaging Radionucl Ther. 2013;22(2):70-2.
8
9. Yusuf SW, Durand JB, Lenihan DJ, Swafford J. Dextrocardia: an incidental finding. Tex Heart Inst J. 2009;36(4):358-9.
9
10. Thomas GS, Kawanishi DT. Situs inversus with dextrocardia in the nuclear lab. Am Heart Hosp J. 2008;6(1):60-2.
10
11. Turgut B, Kitapci MT, Temiz NH, Unlü M, Erselcan T. Thallium 201 myocardial SPECT in a patient with mirror image dextrocardia and left bundle branch block. Ann Nucl Med. 2003;17(6):503-6.
11
12. Slart RH, de Boer J, Jager PL, Piers DA. Added value of attenuation-corrected myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in a patient with dextrocardia. Clin Nucl Med. 2002;27(12):901-2.
12
13. Burrell S, MacDonald A. Artifacts and pitfalls in myocardial perfusion imaging. J Nucl Med Technol. 2006;34(4):193-211.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Nuclear Medicine in the Philippines: A Glance at the Past, a Gaze at the Present, and a Glimpse of the Future
While the introduction of radioactive tracers in the study of metabolic pathways has been well-documented in clinical thyroidology as early as 1924, the widespread utilization in other clinical specialties has been hampered by slow developments in radiation-detecting devices and in the production of appropriate radiopharmaceuticals, in addition tothe morbid fear of radiation. In the Philippines, the first radioisotope laboratory was established in 1956. Ten years later, the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine was formed. Through the years, challenges were overcome, foundations were laid down, growth was encouraged, friendships with other organizations were built, adjustments were made, and rules were enforced. To date, there are approximately 58 nuclear medicine centers randomly distributed from north to south ofthe Philippines, 7 accredited nuclear medicine training institutions, 95 board-certified nuclear medicine physicians (a few of whom are also internationally recognized), and a regionally-indexed Philippine Journal of Nuclear Medicine. Qualifying examinations for technologists were also recently instated. International relations are constantly strengthenedby sending trainees abroad and accepting foreign trainees here, as well as participating in conferences and other endeavors. While the cost of putting up nuclear medicine centers in the Philippines is still prohibitive, it should not pose too much of a constraint as there are foreign and local parties willing to help. With appropriate instrumentation, targetingradiopharmaceuticals and trained human resources, nuclear medicine can indeed contribute much to health care delivery.
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_6972_9efb817d5ce83da671a36569db5acc93.pdf
2016-07-01
113
118
10.7508/aojnmb.2016.02.009
Nuclear Medicine
Philippines
History
Patricia
Bautista
pattybautista@gmail.com
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Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET, St. Luke’s Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, Metro Manila, Philippines
LEAD_AUTHOR
Teofilo
San Luis, Jr.
tolsanluis@gmail.com
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Past President, Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine; Former Dean, St. Luke’s College of Medicine – William H. Quasha
Memorial; Former Dean, Asian School of Nuclear Medicine
AUTHOR
1. San Luis TO Jr, Vinjamuri S. Challenges of developing a pan-Asian curriculum: lessons for global nuclear medicine training. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33(11):1119–21.
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2. 1924 concept of radioactive tracers for the study of metabolic pathways. In: The Clark T. Sawin history resource center. American Thyroid Association. Available at: URL: http://www.thyroid.org/about-american-thyroid-association/clark-t-sawin-history-resource-center/thyroidhistory-timeline; Accessed Feb 2016.
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3. Talusan CS. Nuclear medicine: the Philippine contribution. Manila: The Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine; 1983.
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4. Goco GFL. Then there was light. In: Goco GFL, Obmerga CO, Agga JRA, Gruenberg CJL, Mendoza JC, editors. 1966-2016 A salute to 50 years of the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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5. Torres JF. Nuclear medicine in the Philippines during the ‘70s. 29th Annual Postgraduate Course. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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6. Goco GFL. PSNM, incorporated. In: Goco GFL, Obmerga CO, Agga JRA, Gruenberg CJL, Mendoza JC, editors. 1966-2016 A salute to 50 years of the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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7. San Luis TO Jr. PSNM through 1986-1995. PSNM Annual Convention entitled “PSNM. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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8. Obaldo JM. The fourth decade of the PSNM. PSNM Annual Convention entitled “PSNM. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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9. Goco GFL. Documents on file. In: Goco GFL, Obmerga CO, Agga JRA, Gruenberg CJL, Mendoza JC, editors. 1966-2016 A salute to 50 years of the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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10. Goco GFL. PSNM–An institution. In: Goco GFL, Obmerga CO, Agga JRA, Gruenberg CJL, Mendoza JC, editors. 1966-2016 A salute to 50 years of the Philippine Society of Nuclear Medicine. Philippine: Philippine Medical Association; 2016.
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11. Pascual TN, Obaldo JM, San Luis Jr TO, Leus MJ. Assessing residents in a nuclear medicine physician training program: The Philippine experience. In Radiology education. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012. P. 143-56.
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12. An atlas of interesting cases in nuclear medicine. E-Learning Module. IAEA Human Health Campus. Available at: URL: http://www-naweb.iaea.org/elearning/NMDI/e-Learning_in_Nuclear_Medicine- An_Atlas_of_Interesting_Nuclear_Medicine_Cases/ story.html; Accessed Feb 2016.
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