Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Safety and tolerability of Miltuximab® - a first in human study in patients with advanced solid cancers
86
100
EN
Dhanusha
Sabanathan
0000-0001-6654-3452
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
dhanusha.sabanathan@mqhealth.org.au
Douglas
H
Campbell
0000-0001-9699-1854
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
douglas.campbell@glytherix.com
Vicki
M
Velonas
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
vicki_v89@hotmail.com
Sandra
Wissmueller
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
sandrawissmueller@gmx.de
Hubert
Mazure
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
hubert.mazure@minomic.com
Marko
Trifunovic
Macquarie Medical Imaging, Macquarie, Sydney, Australia
marko.trifunovic@mqmi.com.au
Pirooz
Poursoltan
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
pirooz.poursoltan@mq.edu.au
Kevin
Ho-Shon
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
kevin.ho-shon@mq.edu.au
Tiffany
R
Mackay
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
tiffanyrsia@gmail.com
Maria
E
Lund
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
maria.lund@glytherix.com
Yanling
Lu
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
yanling.lu@glytherix.com
Paul
J
Roach
PharmaScint, Sydney, Australia
paul.roach@sydney.edu.au
Dale
L
Bailey
0000-0001-9154-7957
PharmaScint, Sydney, Australia
dale.bailey@sydney.edu.au
Bradley
J
Walsh
GlyTherix Ltd, 75 Talavera Road, Macquarie Park, Sydney, Australia
brad.walsh@glytherix.com
David
Gillatt
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
david.gillatt@mq.edu.au
Howard
Gurney
0000-0003-0217-5261
Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
howard.gurney@mq.edu.au
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.55600.1386
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong> </em>Miltuximab® is a chimeric antibody targeting Glypican-1 (GPC-1), a cell surface antigen which is overexpressed in solid cancers. Miltuximab® has shown promising safety and efficacy in radioimmunotherapy models of prostate cancer. This first in human study used Miltuximab® radiolabelled with Gallium-67 ([67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab®). The primary study endpoint was to establish safety and tolerability of Miltuximab®. Secondary endpoints were biodistribution, tumour targeting and pharmacokinetic analysis.<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> Four cohorts of three patients (9 with advanced prostate cancer, 2 with pancreatic and 1 with bladder cancer) were dosed with 1 mg, ~250 MBq of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab®. Cohort 1 received [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab® alone, while cohorts 2-4 were pre-infused with increasing doses (3.5, 11.5 and 24 mg, respectively) of unlabelled Miltuximab®-DOTA 1 hour prior to [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab®. Safety and tolerability were assessed by clinical and standard laboratory assessments. Patients underwent whole body gamma-camera scans and SPECT/CT scans up to 144 h post-infusion. Total organ radiation exposure was determined by dosimetry of whole-body gamma scans.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The dosing regimen was well tolerated, with no drug-related adverse events observed. Liver and spleen uptake of [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab® was observed. Liver uptake was reduced by pre-infusion of unlabelled Miltuximab®-DOTA. Dosimetry analysis showed a favorable exposure profile. [67Ga]Ga-DOTA-Miltuximab® targeting to tumour sites was observed in two prostate cancer patients who had failed enzalutamide treatment. Higher doses of unlabelled antibody achieved lower liver uptake and increased antibody serum half life.<br /><em><strong>Conclusions:</strong></em> This study is the first in human for Miltuximab® a first in class antibody targeting GPC-1. The trial met its primary endpoint of safety, demonstrating its potential as a safe and tolerable monoclonal antibody. This safety data, together with targeting to tumour lesions and biodistribution information supports the further clinical development of Miltuximab® as a theranostic agent in a planned Phase I human trial.<br />Trial registration: ANZCTR, ACTRN12616000787482, https://www.anzctr.org.
Miltuximab®,Monoclonal antibody,Theranostic,solid tumours,Glypican-1
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18091.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18091_b4973c069eb12d3a20aec24ad0ceaeb8.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
A Prospective Study on [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT Imaging in Newly Diagnosed Intermediate- and High-Risk Prostate Cancer
101
110
EN
Sara
Harsini
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
sharsini@bccrc.ca
Babak
Fallahi
0000-0002-0576-1672
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
bfallahi@sina.tums.ac.ir
Najme
Karamzade ziarati
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
n.karamzade@gmail.com
Ali
Razi
Department of Urology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
razi@urooncovision.com
Erfan
Amini
Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
e-amini@sina.tums.ac.ir
Alireza
Emami Ardekani
0000-0003-2306-7390
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
emamaliar@gmail.com
Armaghan
Fard Esfehani
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
fardesfa@sina.tums.ac.ir
Mehdi
Kardoust Parizi
Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
m.kardoust@yahoo.com
saeed
farzanehfar
0000-0002-5491-3492
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
farzanehfar@tums.ac.ir
Davood
Beiki
0000-0002-2862-0581
Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Tehran University of Medical sciences, Tehran, Iran
beikidav@sina.tums.ac.ir
10.22038/aojnmb.2020.52375.1358
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong> </em>Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is an emerging modality to detect metastatic disease in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). This prospective study aimed to evaluate the role of [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT in the initial workup of intermediate and high-risk PCa .<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong> </em>Twenty-five patients with newly transrectal ultrasound biopsy-proven, untreated intermediate- and high-risk PCa (mean age, 68.5±6.2 years; range 55–83 years) were enrolled in this prospective study between September 2018 and June 2020 and underwent a [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT examination. All images were analyzed both visually and semiquantitatively by measuring the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of the primary prostatic tumor and metastatic lesions. The diagnostic sensitivity of [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT for the diagnosis of PCa was established by histopathology as the reference standard. The associations between SUVmax of the primary tumors and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason scores (GSs), and metastatic extent of the disease were studied.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> All patients had a positive [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT exam. Seventeen patients (58%) showed [68Ga]-PSMA avidity in both prostate lobes and 8 (32%) had unilateral uptake. SUVmax in the primary tumor significantly correlated with serum PSA values (r=0.57, P=0.003). PSMA PET/CT depicted regional lymph node metastases in 32% of patients, distant lymph node metastases in 20%, osseous metastases in 16% and pulmonary metastases in 8% of patients. Sixty percent of PSMA-positive bone metastases and 21.4% of intraprostatic tumoral lesions were missed on the contemporaneous bone scintigraphy and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> [68Ga]-PSMA PET/CT shows promise as a valuable imaging modality with high diagnostic sensitivity in the setting of intermediate and high-risk PCa. Moreover, the SUVmax of the primary tumor has a positive correlation with PSA levels at the time of the scan.
Prostate cancer,PSMA PET/CT,Primary staging
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17137.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17137_21e17ef526a522a786ca9561ba34257c.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Gallium citrate-67 single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography for localizing the foci of classic fever and inflammation of unknown origin: A retrospective study of diagnostic yield
111
122
EN
Seiichiro
Tsuzuki
0000-0003-4484-6668
Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
seiichiro_tsuzuki@yahoo.co.jp
Ayumi
Watanabe
Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
awat@fujita-hu.ac.jp
Mitsunaga
Iwata
Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
iwatam@quartz.ocn.ne.jp
Hiroshi
Toyama
0000-0002-5341-1693
Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
htoyama@fujita-hu.ac.jp
Teruhiko
Terasawa
0000-0002-0975-391X
Department of Emergency and General Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Japan
terasawa@fujita-hu.ac.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2020.53188.1364
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Only few studies have assessed the use of gallium citrate-67 single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (67Ga-SPECT/CT) for localizing the foci of classic fever of unknown origin (FUO) and inflammation of unknown origin (IUO). Hence, the current study aimed to assess the diagnostic contribution of 67Ga-SPECT/CT in a tertiary referral setting where nuclear imaging tests are performed after an unsuccessful comprehensive primary diagnostic workup.<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> We retrospectively assessed the medical records of 27 adult patients with FUO/IUO who had an unsuccessful diagnostic workup and who underwent 67Ga-SPECT/CT for the localization of FUO/IUO foci in our university hospital between 2013 and 2019. The primary outcome was diagnostic yield. The secondary outcomes were overall clinical efficacy and spontaneous remission of FUO/IUO symptoms in patients with a negative 67Ga-SPECT/CT finding.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Almost all patients completed the recommended diagnostic workup, except for urine culture and abdominal ultrasonography. Moreover, prior to 67Ga-SPECT/CT, all patients underwent thoraco-abdominopelvic CT scan, which was a non-diagnostic procedure. After a median follow-up of 843 days, the cause was identified in 16 (59%) patients. 67Ga-SPECT/CT successfully localized the FUO/IUO foci in eight patients (diagnostic yield = 30%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 14%–50%). However, the causes remained unknown during follow-up in 11 (41%) patients. Among them, five experienced spontaneous regression of symptoms. 67Ga-SPECT/CT was negative in four of the five patients with spontaneous regression in symptoms without a definite cause. Considering this an important event, the overall clinical efficacy of 67Ga-SPECT/CT increased to 44% (95% CI: 25%–65%).<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> 67Ga-SPECT/CT had an acceptable diagnostic yield for the localization of FUO/IUO foci, which are challenging to diagnose, in a contemporary tertiary referral care setting. In patients who experienced spontaneous regression in symptoms with an unexplained cause, the absence of abnormal uptake might indicate prospective spontaneous remission. Thus, 67Ga-SPECT/CT could be an active first-line nuclear imaging modality in settings where fluorine-18-fluorodeoxy glucose positron emission tomography and computed tomography is not available for the assessment of FUO/IUO causes.
Diagnostic yield,67Ga-SPECT/CT,fever of unknown origin,inflammation of unknown origin,spontaneous remission
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17349.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17349_8a407c73a3d332e85520a741f8c86083.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Association of regional cerebral perfusion impairment with gait and balance performance in dizzy patients using brain perfusion SPECT: Voxel-based analysis of a pilot sample
123
130
EN
Reza
Nemati
0000-0001-8155-8855
Department of Neurology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
rznemati@yahoo.com
Mohamad Ali
Nayeri
The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
nayeri_ma52@gmail.com
Negar
Chabi
The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
negarchabi@gmail.com
Zahra
Akbari
Department of Neurology, Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
zahra_akbari853@yahoo.com
Esmail
Jafari
The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
esmaeiljafari70@yahoo.com
Hossein
Shooli
The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
h.shooly@gmail.com
Habibollah
Dadgar
reza1234567890
Razavi Cancer Research Center, Razavi Hospital, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran
reza.lt.dadgar@gmail.com
Majid
Assadi
0000-0003-3862-9472
The Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Department of Molecular Imaging and Radionuclide Therapy (MIRT), Bushehr Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine , Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
assadipoya@yahoo.com
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54974.1377
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> The purpose of this study was to investigate regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) reduction in patients with dizziness and perfusion-related clinical impairment using brain perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPECT).<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong> </em>Thirty-four patients with subjective dizziness and 13 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were studied. Dizziness-related impairments were assessed using the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). Brain perfusion SPECT scan was acquired from all participants. The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was also measured. Brain perfusion data were qualitatively interpreted in all cases. Voxel-wise analysis was also conducted in 11 patients compared to healthy controls.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> Thirty-four patients (mean age=53.8±13.4 years, m/f: 19/15) and 13 age- and sex-matched controls (mean age=51.5±13.1, m/f: 7/6) were included. The dizziness severity was mild in 58.8% (n=20), moderate in 26.5% (n=9), and severe in 14.7% (n=5). Qualitative interpretation of SPECT images showed normal scans in 4 (11.2%) patients and abnormal scans in 30 (88.2%) patients. Patients with dizziness showed a significantly decreased brain perfusion in the precuneus, cuneus, occipital lobe (superior and inferior parts), frontal lobe (inferior and middle parts), temporal lobe, parietal lobe (inferior and superior parts), cerebellum, insula, and putamen nucleus. Based on both qualitative SPECT interpretation and voxel-wise analysis, perfusion defect had a significant association with the total SPPB score and the scores of two sub-domains (p<0.05), but not with the DHI (p>0.05) score .<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> The perfusion- and atherosclerosis-related impairments of gait and balance were largely independent of subjective dizziness and dizziness severity. Moreover, this study provided support for contribution of perfusion impairment to the disturbance of gait and balance in older populations along with other pathologic processes.
dizziness,Brain Perfusion SPECT,Gait,Balance,voxel-based morphometry (VBM),
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18090.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18090_4dd27b0bfc6a5a01f22de86c456fcf24.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Estimation of the lower limits for feasible Ra-223 SPECT imaging: a Monte Carlo simulation study
131
139
EN
Akihiko
Takahashi
Division of Medical Quantum Science, Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
takahsr@hs.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Hibiki
Ueno
Chiyoda Technol Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
Shingo
Baba
Department of Clinical Radiology, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
sbaba127@radiol.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Masayuki
Sasaki
0000-0002-4191-2861
Division of Medical Quantum Science, Department of Health Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
msasaki@hs.med.kyushu-u.ac.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54386.1372
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong> </em>Ra-223 is a promising radionuclide for the treatment of skeletal metastases in castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. This study aims to estimate the lower limits for feasible Ra-223 single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging using a Monte Carlo simulation study .<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong> </em>The SPECT images were produced on a homemade code: the Monte Carlo simulation of electrons and photons for SPECT (MCEP-SPECT). The National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA) phantom with six hot spheres of diameters of 37, 28, 22, 17, 13, and 10 mm installed inside, was used. The background activity concentration was 0.6 kBq/mL, and the ratios of hot concentrations to the background (RHB) were 25, 20, 15, 10, and 5. When RHB was 15, the background concentrations of 1.5, 0.9, 0.3, and 0.15 kBq/mL were also tested. The energy window was 84 keV±10%. The number of projections was 60/360°, and the acquisition time was 60 s per projection. Two kinds of collimators: middle-energy general-purpose (MEGP) and high-energy general-purpose (HEGP), were examined. The SPECT images were evaluated based on two quantitative indexes: contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) for detectability and contrast recovery coefficient (CRC) for quantitative accuracy .<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> The CRC for the HEGP collimator was 35–40%, while the CRC for the MEGP collimator was 25–30%. The CNRs for the MEGP collimator were larger than those for the HEGP collimator. The CNRs of the hot spheres with diameters less than 22 mm were lower than 5.0 for both collimators, when RHB and the background concentration were 15 and 0.6 kBq/mL, respectively. Based on the obtained results, it was estimated that the lower limit of RHB for the detection of the hot sphere with a diameter of 37 mm would be approximately 20 if the background concentration is 0.05 kBq/mL.<br /><em><strong>Conclusions:</strong></em> The MEGP collimator is superior in terms of detectability, while the HEGP collimator is superior in terms of quantitative accuracy. When the lesion size is small, the MEGP collimator may be favorable. Based on these results, the estimated lower limit of the activity concentration would be approximately 1 kBq/mL if the background concentration is 0.05 kBq/mL for a large lesion.
Radium-223, Monte Carlo simulation, radionuclide therapy,Bone scintigraphy
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18165.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18165_21e2ce1d9763fdd9dd380999dc2b63fe.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Usefulness of respiratory-gated PET acquisition during delayed 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning for patients with liver metastases
140
147
EN
Shota
Watanabe
0000000316857976
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
shouta-w@med.kindai.ac.jp
Kohei
Hanaoka
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
h@naoka.name
Hayato
Kaida
0000-0003-2440-3579
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
kaida@med.kindai.ac.jp
Tomoko
Hyodo
0000-0002-1062-8403
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
neneth@m.ehime-u.ac.jp
Minoru
Yamada
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
fwhs9540@yahoo.co.jp
Masakatsu
Tsurusaki
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
mtsuru@dk2.so-net.ne.jp
Kazunari
Ishii
ishii@med.kindai.ac.jp
Division of Positron Emission Tomography, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
ishii@med.kindai.ac.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.53427.1365
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> To assess respiratory-gated (RG) positron emission tomography (PET) acquisition for patients with liver metastases during delayed PET/computed tomography (CT) scanning with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG).<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong></em> Nineteen patients with liver metastases who had undergone early whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scans without the RG technique and delayed scans with the RG technique were retrospectively selected. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of 41 liver lesions and the tumor-to-liver uptake ratios (TLRs) for these same lesions were compared among three data sets: early non-respiratory-gated (early non-RG) images, delayed non-respiratory-gated (delayed non-RG) images, and delayed respiratory-gated (delayed RG) images. In the delayed non-RG and delayed RG images, the improvements in the TLR, relative to the early non-RG images, were assessed according to lesion size.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong></em> For liver lesions, the SUVmax of early non-RG, delayed non-RG, and delayed RG images were 6.58±2.34, 7.69±3.08, and 9.47±3.73, respectively. There were significant differences among the three images (P<0.01). The TLR of the delayed RG images was significantly higher than those of the early non-RG and delayed non-RG images (P<0.01). In the delayed RG images, the difference in the TLR improvement for lesions ≤10 mm in size was 15% higher than that for lesions >10 mm in size; in the delayed non-RG images, the difference in the TLR improvement for the same lesion categories was 6%.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> Delayed RG imaging improves the TLR, compared with early non-RG and delayed non-RG imaging, especially for small lesions. RG PET acquisition may be a promising protocol for assessing liver metastases on delayed PET/CT scans.
FDG,Liver Metastases,Respiratory-gated technique,Dual-time-point PET/CT,Tumor-to-liver uptake ratio
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17506.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17506_c9ac1e1485bbfe5fd9067f669b9af918.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Validation of the influence of CT slice thickness on the quantitative accuracy and image quality of single photon emission computed tomography
148
157
EN
Tomohiro
Sato
0000-0002-1600-8854
Department of Radiology, Chiba Aoba Municipal Hospital
tomohiro.satou@jade.plala.or.jp
Takashi
Takagi
Department of Radiology, Chiba Kaihin Municipal Hospital
taku67_10takagi@paw.hi-ho.ne.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54670.1376
<em><strong>Objective(s):</strong></em> Computed tomography (CT) images are used for precise anatomical location of lesions and for accurate attenuation correction in single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image reconstruction in SPECT/CT examination. The aim of this study was to verify the effects of varying CT collimation width and slice thickness on CT images and on CT attenuation corrected SPECT images.<br /><strong><em>Methods:</em> </strong>We acquired SPECT/CT images of a micro-coin phantom and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association body phantom filled with 99mTc-pertechnetate while varying the abovementioned CT parameters. The full width at half maximum of the slice sensitivity profile, the standard deviation of CT image background noise, and the radiation dose from CT scans were evaluated. Subsequently, the percentage contrast, background variability, and absolute recovery coefficient of the SPECT image were measured. Furthermore, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical bone SPECT images of 23 patients, and statistical testing of differences was performed.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong> </em>As the collimation width and reconstruction slice thickness of the CT image increased, z-axis resolution deteriorated, and background noise decreased. In addition, CT radiation dose decreased with increasing collimation width. Meanwhile, SPECT image quality and quantitative accuracy were unchanged with varying CT collimation width and slice thickness. There were no notable variations in clinical SPECT images and no statistically significant differences.<br /><em><strong>Conclusion:</strong></em> When high-resolution CT slices on the z-axis are not required for clinical diagnosis, increasing collimation width or slice thickness can reduce the radiation dose and image noise with no influence on the quality of SPECT images.
SPECT/CT,Radiation Dose,CT slice thickness,Image Quality,OSCGM
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18181.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18181_7c603b288d83ae5a61af53edac14e13f.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Current state of oncologic 18F-FDG PET/CT in Japan: A nationwide survey
158
166
EN
Hajime
Ichikawa
0000-0001-5331-3391
Department of Radiology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
ballocks10@gmail.com
Toyohiro
Kato
Department of Radiology, Toyohashi Municipal Hospital, Toyohashi, Japan
chapmani_zebra@yahoo.co.jp
Kenta
Miwa
Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, International University of Health and
Welfare,Tochigi, Japan
kenta5710@gmail.com
Takayuki
Shibutani
0000-0002-4718-7947
Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences,Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
iwsb03100621@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
Koichi
Okuda
0000-0003-0010-6844
Department of Physics, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa, Japan
okuda@kanazawa-med.ac.jp
Akio
Nagaki
0000-0000-0000-0000
Department of Radiological Technology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
nagaki@kchnet.or.jp
Hiroyuki
Tsushima
Department of Radiological Sciences, Ibaraki prefectural University of Health Sciences, Ibaraki, Japan
tsushima.jp@gmail.com
Masahisa
Onoguchi
0000-0001-7508-5975
Department of Quantum Medical Technology, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences,Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
onoguchi@staff.kanazawa-u.ac.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.53693.1369
<em><strong>Objectives:</strong> </em>Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) has gradually advanced with the introduction of newly developed techniques. However, the recent status of imaging techniques (e.g., scanning range, availability of correction methods, and decisions on performing delayed scan) in oncologic PET/CT with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in Japan is unclear. We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey to document 18F-FDG PET/CT protocols and clarify the recent status of imaging techniques for oncologic 18F-FDG PET/CT in Japan.<br /><em><strong>Methods:</strong> </em>We conducted a web survey hosted by the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology between October and December 2017. The questionnaire included nine items on the demographics of the respondents, their scan protocols, and additional imaging to their routine protocols.<br /><em><strong>Results:</strong> </em>We received responses from 119 Japanese technologists who performed 18F-FDG PET/CT in practice. Almost all the respondents stated that the scanning range was from the top of the head to the pelvis or mid-thigh region. Newly developed techniques were used by fewer than half of the respondents. Most respondents performed additional imaging in consultation with physicians, such as delayed imaging (83%) or an extended scanning range for early imaging (55%).<br /><em><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </em>Our survey helps in clarifying the recent state of oncologic 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging techniques in Japan. Given that 18F-FDG PET/CT practices most frequently performed additional imaging along with their routine scan protocol, the practice constitutes the most varied examination performed in Japanese nuclear medicine.
Positron emission tomography (PET),18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG),nationwide survey,routine scan protocol,additional imaging
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17505.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17505_2f2929a987ffec1240a4af08de6cca3c.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Brain hypometabolism in rare genetic neurodegenerative disease: Niemann-Pick disease type C, spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington disease assessed by FDG PET
167
172
EN
Yung Hsiang
Kao
0000-0002-4873-3663
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
yung.kao@mh.org.au
Melissa
Cheng
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
melissa.cheng@live.com.au
Dennis
Velakoulis
Neuropsychiatry, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
dennis.velakoulis@mh.org.au
Mark
Walterfang
Neuropsychiatry, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
mark.walterfang@mh.org.au
Dinesh
Sivaratnam
Department of Nuclear Medicine, the Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
dinesh.sivaratnam@mh.org.au
10.22038/aojnmb.2020.52511.1362
Brain metabolic imaging using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) with contemporaneous low-dose CT may be used to assess neurodegenerative diseases. In contrast to oncology whole-body FDG PET, qualitative assessment alone in brain FDG PET is subjective and vulnerable to visual interference due to high physiologic background activity. Therefore, mild changes in brain metabolism may be visually undetectable by qualitative interpretation alone, resulting in diagnostic inaccuracy. To overcome this, some institutions may employ an objective comparison to a normal reference database. To date, there is limited literature describing brain metabolic changes in rare genetic neurodegenerative diseases such as Niemann-Pick disease Type C, spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington disease. In this case series, we illustrate the typical FDG PET findings in the cortex and deep grey matter for these rare diseases, utilising normal database comparison including three dimensional Stereotactic Surface Projection (3D-SSP) mapping. These comparisons can generate 3D-SSP maps where metabolic changes may be expressed in standard deviations from normal (z-score) and visually depicted in a scale of colours to improve diagnostic accuracy.
18F-FDG PET,Neurodegenerative,Niemann-Pick disease type C,spinocerebellar atrophy,Huntington disease
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17138.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17138_8094ccd0225fb402b1a2e382101c6a69.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Incidental Diagnosis of Multiple Paragangliomas by Ga-68 DOTANOC Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography
173
176
EN
Vivek
Kumar
Saini
0000-0002-6898-5892
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
vivekkumarcsmmu@gmail.com
Akshay
Kumar
0000-0003-4052-1946
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
akshay8kumar@gmail.com
Aftab
Hasan
Nazar
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
afinazar@yahoo.com
Manish
Ora
0000-0002-9748-2215
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
drmanishora@gmail.com
Sanjay
Gambhir
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
gaambhir@yahoo.com
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.17883
A 65-year-old man presented with intermittent abdominal pain for three months. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a mass in the body of the pancreas. Moreover, abdominal contrast-enhancing computed tomography revealed a homogenously enhancing mass in the body of the pancreas. Scan findings were in favor of the neuroendocrine tumor, and the serum chromogranin level was slightly raised (111.9 ng/ml, normal <98). He had no history of vomiting, jaundice, melena, hematemesis, constipation, diarrhea, weight gain, weight loss, loss of appetite, and fever. He also had no symptoms related to the excessive production of catecholamines, such as hypertension. The patient was referred for Ga-68 DOTANOC positron emission tomography-computed tomography (Ga-68 DOTANOC PET-CT) for further evaluation. The scan was done to rule out metastatic disease or other synchronous lesions to plan surgical excision. The Ga-68 DOTANOC PET-CT revealed a pancreatic lesion with no other abdominal lesions. We noted multiple tracer avid soft tissue lesions on both sides of the neck that were not diagnosed previously. This case report demonstrates a rare case with multiple paragangliomas diagnosed by the Ga-68 DOTANOC PET-CT. This finding could lead to changes in patient management
Ga68 DOTANOC PET/CT,MUTILPLE PARAGAGLIOMA
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17883.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17883_244b14ad701a3e79af84014b3cacac8b.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Bowel visualization on the lymphoscintigraphy images of a bladder cancer patient due to inadvertent injection of the tracer in the rectal wall
177
179
EN
Hamidreza
Ghorbani
0000-0002-7267-7446
Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
ghorbanihr@mums.ac.ir
Leili
Zarifmahmoudi
0000-0001-5790-7218
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
zarifl931@mums.ac.ir
Ramin
Sadeghi
0000-0002-1666-5440
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
sadeghir@mums.ac.ir
Salman
Soltani
0000-0002-2135-6757
Kidney Transplantation Complications Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
soltanis@mums.ac.ir
Atena
Aghaee
0000-0002-1351-3142
Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
aghaeea@mums.ac.ir
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54064.1370
The effectiveness of the sentinel lymph node mapping in patients with Urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is under investigation. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and intraoperative sentinel node biopsy using gamma probe are performed to detect the exact location of the sentinel lymph node to be dissected during the surgery. In this case report, a 73-year old man with high grad urothelial carcinoma was referred to our nuclear medicine department for SPECT/CT, four hours after injection of the radiotracer through cystoscopy . SPECT/CT could not reveal any sentinel node; however, one sentinel lymph node was detected and harvested in the right external iliac region during surgery. SPECT/CT revealed unusual accumulation of tracer in large bowel which was due to sever adhesion of rectum and bladder, and inadvertent injection of the radiotracer into the rectal wall . During the sentinel lymph node procedure, the tracer should be injected with extreme caution and lymphoscintigraphy post injection may help detection of any injection failures.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy,Bladder,Nuclear Medicine,SPECT/CT
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17884.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_17884_c0a2919d91a877eb192a7744f5eafc52.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Soft tissue metastasis of the penis detected by copper-64 labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (64Cu –PSMA PET/CT) in a patient with prostate cancer
180
182
EN
Cherin
Farhan
0000-0000-0000-0000
Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
bassam.redwan@gmail.com
Siroos
Mirzaei
0000-0003-2861-6811
Institute of Nuclear Medicine with PET-Center, Klinik Ottakring, Vienna, Austria
siroos.mirzaei@gesundheitsverbund.at
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.53922.1371
Prostate cancer is considered to be the most common solid cancer affecting men worldwide and leading to a significant morbidity and mortality. Metastases are usually seen in bone or lymph nodes. For recurrent disease, PET imaging with <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 (also known as HBED-CC, Glu-urea-Lys(Ahx)-HBED-CC, and PSMA-HBED-CC) is widely used. However, preparation of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA ligand requires the presence of radiochemistry facilities and can therefore not be utilized in centers lacking such facilities. Recently, copper labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen positron emission tomography (<sup>64</sup>Cu-PSMA PET/CT) demonstrated promising results in patients with recurrent disease and in the primary staging of selected patients with progressive local disease. In the present case, a rare manifestation site of a metastatic lesion in a patient with advanced prostate cancer is detected by <sup>64</sup>Cu-PSMA PET/CT.
Prostate cancer,64Cu-PSMA PET/CT,penile metastasis
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18004.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18004_c879ca0e2f0be8591581401d7c62d027.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Herpes zoster infection mimicking pelvic lymph node metastasis on FDG-PET/CT in a patient with cervical cancer
183
187
EN
Kazutaka
Harashima
KazutakaHarashima
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
kazutaka_harashima@hotmail.co.jp
Shiro
Watanabe
0000-0002-7930-0975
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
shirow@med.hokudai.ac.jp
Nanase
Okazaki
Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
n.okazaki@huhp.hokudai.ac.jp
Daisuke
Endo
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
endod@huhp.hokudai.ac.jp
Yuko
Uchiyama
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
y_uchiyama@med.hokudai.ac.jp
Fumi
Kato
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
fumikato@med.hokudai.ac.jp
Kenji
Hirata
0000-0003-0036-8975
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
khirata@med.hokudai.ac.jp
Kohsuke
Kudo
0000-0001-5351-9242
Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
kkudo@med.hokudai.ac.jp
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.55050.1378
Although 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) is an established method for the staging of malignancies, benign lesions (e.g, active inflammatory lesions) often show increased metabolic activity. Herpes zoster is the clinical manifestation of the activation and replication of dormant varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in individuals with decreased cell-mediated immunity. Although the diagnosis of herpes zoster is clinical, it is sometimes observed incidentally during imaging for another disease. We describe the case of a 67-year-old Japanese female patient diagnosed with cervical cancer in whom FDG-PET/CT revealed herpes zoster manifestations: hypermetabolic cutaneous lesions in the buttock and pelvic lymph node involvement. The resected lymph nodes showed no malignant lesions but revealed lymphoid follicle formation, probably related to viral infection. There has been no report comparing FDG-PET findings of lymph nodes with histologic findings; the present findings are compatible with a clinically VZV-induced inflammatory reaction in regional lymph nodes, which increased FDG accumulation. Active infection with VZV displays increased FDG uptake in regional lymph nodes and may lead to incorrect malignant disease management in oncology. Misdiagnoses can be avoided by a careful interpretation by experienced nuclear medicine physicians as well as proper clinical evaluation.
varicella zoster,Herpes zoster,FDG-PET,Cervical Cancer
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18182.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18182_f76754ce0d50c78f2b45937d32a3f45d.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Thai National Guideline for Nuclear Medicine Investigation in Epilepsy
188
206
EN
Tawika
Kaewchur
0000-0001-5309-8943
Department of Radiology, PET/CT and Cyclotron Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
tawika.k@cmu.ac.th
Wichana
Chamroonrat
0000-0002-8781-1265
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
wichana.cha@mahidol.edu
Tanyaluck
Thientunyakit
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
stanyalu@hotmail.com
Benjapa
Khiewvan
0000-0003-1545-9781
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
benjapa.khi@mahidol.ac.th
Nantaporn
Wongsurawat
0000-0002-6341-6148
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
nantwo@kku.ac.th
Chanisa
Chotipanich
0000-0002-0041-4938
National Cyclotron and PET Centre, Chulabhorn Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
chanisa.ja@gmail.com
Yotin
Chinvarun
Department of Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
yotin@yahoo.com
Krishnapundha
Bunyaratavej
Department of Surgery, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
krishnapundha.b@chula.ac.th
Sasithorn
Amnuaywattakorn
0000-0002-9126-601X
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
amsasithorn@gmail.com
Nucharee
Poon-iad
0009-0008-4818-7659
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
fortune_nucharee_si@hotmail.com
Tanawat
Sontrapornpol
0009-0001-2513-1889
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
santi_s@hotmail.com
Panya
Pasawang
0009-0002-0336-5796
Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
ppasawang@gmail.com
Supatporn
Tepmongkol
0000-0002-6092-0488
Nuclear Medicine Division, Department of Radiology, Chulalongkorn University, Rama IV Rd, Pathumwan, Bangkok, Thailand
supatporn.t@chula.ac.th
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54567.1379
Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain, which is characterized by recurrent epileptic seizures. These patients are generally treated with antiepileptic drugs. However, more than 30% of the patients become medically intractable and undergo a series of investigations to define candidates for epilepsy surgery. Nuclear Medicine studies using Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals are among the investigations used for this purpose. Since available guidelines for the investigation of surgical candidates are not up-to-date, The Nuclear Medicine Society of Thailand, The Neurological Society of Thailand, The Royal College of Neurological Surgeons of Thailand, and The Thai Medical Physicist Society has collaborated to develop this Thai national guideline for Nuclear Medicine study in epilepsy. The guideline focuses on the use of brain perfusion SPECT and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET), the mainly used methods in day-to-day practice. This guideline aims for effective use of Nuclear Medicine investigations by referring physicians e.g. epileptologists and neurologists, radiologists, nuclear medicine physicians, medical physicists, nuclear medicine technologists and technicians.
Epilepsy,Nuclear Medicine investigation,SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography),PET (Positron Emission Tomography),Guideline
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18089.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18089_c6460a4a7f32fecbbbc7972e84ae8f00.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
The Early Years of Nuclear Medicine: A Retelling
207
219
EN
Jerry
Obaldo
0000-0003-0527-9592
Department of Nuclear Medicine, Philippine Heart Center, Philippine General Hospital, University of the Philippines,Philippines
jerryobaldo@yahoo.com
Barbara
E
Hertz
Curator, Dr. Saul Hertz Archives, United States of America
htziev@aol.com
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.55514.1385
Nuclear medicine history has its share of captivating personalities, controversial claims, and forgotten pioneers. Publications and documents that came out relatively recently, provide us with new perspectives on its history. Primary sourced material might contradict some of the long-held beliefs of the reader who only has a casual familiarity with the events, including basics such as who discovered radioactivity.<br />Because of the nature of the specialty, the importance of the contributions of colleagues in related fields, like physics and chemistry, cannot be overstated. Many of the important discoveries were marked by serendipity, but the pioneers must be given credit for having the necessary insights to interpret the new phenomena correctly, sometimes turning perceived “failure” into novel scientific principles. In addition, most of our pioneers had to deal with inadequate facilities and funding, religious and racial discrimination, and even misogynism.<br />The early history of nuclear medicine is presented in this article as a series of its most interesting anecdotes, from the early work on radioactivity, to the conception of the tracer principle, until the development of radioactive iodine therapy.
Nuclear Medicine,History,radioactive iodine
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18183.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18183_7c50a7075ed0c3f88e662537c9581613.pdf
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in collaboration with
AOFNMB
Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
2322-5718
2322-5726
9
2
2021
07
01
Sectional Anatomy Quiz - VI
220
224
EN
Dinuli
Sahanya
Kamaladasa
Rural Medical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
d.kamaladasa@unsw.edu.au
Rashid
Hashmi
0000-0002-5792-1156
Rural Medical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
rashidhashmi@yahoo.com
10.22038/aojnmb.2021.54904.1375
This quiz is part of a series which aims to aid nuclear physicians in interpreting the computed tomography (CT) component of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) studies. The current quiz includes normal and pathological axial CT images at the level of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV). The SMV is normally located to the right of the SMA and is of a larger caliber. Various pathologies such as malignancy, infection or vascular disease can alter the position and/or appearance of the SMA, SMV and the surrounding anatomical structures present at this level. Understanding how normal anatomy is altered by pathology at this level will facilitate improved interpretation of abdominal CT images.
Computed Tomography,abdomen,superior mesenteric artery and vein
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18045.html
https://aojnmb.mums.ac.ir/article_18045_d7823e1cc9e1bf40f4da605ab664161e.pdf