Comparison of myocardial perfusion between the users of two antiepileptic medications: valproate vs. carbamazepine

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

2 Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

3 Department of Nuclear Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Vali-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

4 Department of Cardiology, Imam Khomeini Hospital Complex, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Objective(s): The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is high in patients with epilepsy using antiepileptic drugs (AED). Epilepsy, AED, or the type and duration of AED use , may contribute to higher CAD risk.
In this study, myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) was compared between patients using carbamazepine and valproate.
Method: Out of 73 patients receiving carbamazepine or valproate monotherapy for more than 2 years, visited at a tertiary referral clinic, 32 patients participated in a 2-day stress and rest phases MPI. For each phase, 15-25 mCi 99mTc-MIBI was injected, at peak exercise or by pharmacologic stimulation for the stress phase. SPECT with cardiac gating was done by a dual-head gamma camera and processed and quantified. Scans with at least one definite reversible hypo-perfusion segment were considered abnormal.
Results: Seventeen patients received carbamazepine monotherapy and 15 valproates. Age and duration of AED use were similar between the groups. Two scans were abnormal (6.3%) both in valproate group (13.3%). Duration of AED use was higher in patients with abnormal scans. In patients receiving monotherapy >2 years, the frequency of abnormal MPI was similar between groups (P-value=0.12).  In patients receiving monotherapy > 5 years, prevalence of abnormal MPI was higher in the valproate group (28.6% vs. 0.0%; P-value=0.042). Considering valproate subgroup, ischemic patients had higher duration of AED use, comparing with the normal patients (17.0±4.2 vs. 6.4±4.8, P-value=0.014).
Conclusion: MPIs were abnormal in patients receiving valproate after 5 years compared to patients receiving carbamazepine. Long-term valproate use may increase the risk of CAD.

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Main Subjects

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Asia Oceania Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Biology
Volume 11, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 122-127

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